The electrician in the house with his own hands connects the circuit. The simplest, but not the most correct way to choose wire cross-sections. Electrical wiring from the switchboard

You decided to change the wiring in the apartment with your own hands or just add a couple of outlets in the kitchen. But seeing the variety of electrical wires that are on the market, could not determine what is needed for your task.

A bit of theory about the types of posting

In total there are two types of wiring - open   and closed.

In the first case, the wiring is conducted inside the walls of the ceilings and the floor: under the layer of plaster or inside the plasterboard structures.

The open type of wiring is more often used for laying wires without strobing walls, so it's easier and more convenient. Especially if you have already made repairs, and in wooden houses and garages. Wire is laid in special cable channels, metal or plastic corrugation.

Posting in the apartment, which wire is needed

Wire cross-section and permissible load on them

For copper cable in insulation

For aluminum cable in insulation

For cable laying without braiding by air

Before proceeding with electrical installation work, it is necessary to draw up a diagram of this very installation of the electrical wiring. If you have a clear idea and circuit diagram   power supply at your fingertips, wiring installation work becomes much easier and easier.

Why do we need a wiring diagram?

First of all, no matter how ridiculous it would look, we need a wiring diagram to compile a list of all necessary consumables. That is, having such a scheme at hand, it is much easier to calculate the length of the wire its cross-section in separate sections (groups of consumers), the required number of outlets and switches, junction boxes   and the location of their installation, etc.

In addition, we need a wiring layout for identifying installation locations and power wiring components, such as: switchboard, automatic or emergency switches, meters (counters), input of main power wires and cables.

Example of drawing up a wiring diagram in a private house

Meals in a private house, as a rule, open way   installation on the lead-in wire from the central power line 0.3-0.4 kW. From the support of the aerial line, the phase conductor "L" and the combined zero protective and working "PEN" (so-called single-phase power supply) come to the distribution board.

Comparatively recently, power engineers practice installing meters (meter) on the street, in a distribution switchboard (previously it was possible to install meters inside the house). Therefore, an electric power meter and an input emergency (automatic) switch are installed in the distribution distribution board (you can also install an introductory RCD of selective action).

From the input (distribution) board, the supply wire (if necessary, you can immediately make the wiring around the house) is laid to the internal electrical panel located directly inside the house.

Since electricity is supplied to the switchboard, it is possible to start the power supply of a private house safely. But in order to ensure that the power supply is as reliable as possible, future electric consumers must be divided into groups.

Let's consider the main groups of consumers:

1. Lighting;

2. Sockets;

3. Power group (boiler, electric stove, washing machine, boiler, etc.);

4. Household needs (outbuildings, garage, cellar, etc.).

By distributing and specifying the exact number of groups in the electrical panel for each group of consumers, it is necessary to install separate protection devices such as automatic and ouzo switches.

Wiring and distribution of wiring for single-phase power supply.

Also, to accurately draw up a wiring diagram in a private home, you need to have a detailed plan of the house itself. Having such a plan on it to display the wiring diagram.

Layout plan electrical wiring   in a private house.

From the above data, we form the circuit diagram of the electrical wiring in a private house.

Electrical wiring diagram of the house.

If you have a multi-storey mansion, you can, or more precisely, you need to break electrical consumers separately for each of the floors, half of the house or each room separately. Everything depends on the number and total capacity of consumers.

And what if the house is suitable for three-phase food?

If your house is not suitable for single-phase but for three-phase power, in this case, three phases of "L1, L2, L3" will come from the MEL support on the input electrical panel of your house and the same is known for the combined zero protective and working wire "PEN".

The scheme of connection and distribution of electrical wiring for a three-phase power supply of a private house.

Electric wiring diagram of the apartment

The wiring diagrams in the apartment and the house do not differ significantly. The only difference between them is that the power supply of the apartment starts with a floor switchboard, as the power supply goes through cable line   to it, and already from it it is distributed on a staircase or a floor.

In this input shield are located your electric meters and a general emergency switch, from which, as a rule, there are 2 independent lines.

Next, each line is individually protected by a separate emergency stop switch or fuse, so-called cork. Thanks to this, if there is a short circuit in one apartment, the whole floor will not be de-energized.

Since both in a private house, and apartment wiring can be performed in an open or hidden way. For the installation of open-wire wiring, use "SHVVP" or "NYM" wires. Concealed wiring is divided into: replaceable and non-replaceable. The wires of the interchangeable wiring are laid inside special non-combustible vinyl-plastic pipes, and non-replaceable - directly under the layer of asbestos plaster.

Earlier in the Soviet times, all the devices of accounting and protection, namely counters, automatic devices, plugs of the apartment were located exclusively on the staircase. Today, many electricians remodel electrical wiring in the apartments in such a way that an internal distribution switchboard can be installed in the apartment. And from it already there is a further distribution of lines of electric wiring of separate groups of consumers through the rooms.

Before you start to draw up a wiring diagram in the apartment, you need to draw up a detailed plan for marking and location of all future electric consumers. That is where the TV, refrigerator, electric stove, hood, computer, etc. will be installed.

This is necessary in order to know exactly where and in what quantity it is necessary to place sockets and switches for the distribution of consumer groups and directly when installing the wiring. Thus, over time, when the repair is over, there was no need to use a carry-on or a tee.

Let's take a closer look at an ordinary two-room apartment.

Wiring in it should be divided into such major groups of consumers:

1. - lighting of such premises as an entrance hall, rooms, kitchen;
2. - Sockets in the rooms;
3. - lighting in the bathroom and toilet (as these are rooms with high humidity, the installation of electrical wiring should be done only in a hidden way);
4. - Separate sockets in the kitchen (preferably a separate line to powerful consumers);

The layout of the electrical wiring in the apartment is similar to that of a private house with a single-phase supply.

Electrical wiring diagram in the apartment

Also, I would like to note that for such rooms as bathroom and toilet there are separate requirements for the location of the switches - they do not need to be installed inside these rooms, but if this is not possible, then use modern waterproof appliances. In addition, the bathroom also prohibits the use of sockets. But if its presence is necessary, for example, to connect an electric shaver, then its connection to the electrical network must be performed through a transformer.

Electricians in the apartment and the house with their own hands

It would seem, take any wire and conduct electricity into the house. But no. The choice of cable depends on the operating conditions, the method of its installation and the material of walls and ceiling. Therefore, the wire for an apartment and a cottage is purchased unequally.

We'll figure out which wiring is best for the house, what parameters it should have.

For ordinary people, the words wire and cable have the same values. But for an electrician these are two different concepts:

Today's safety rules for the gasket insulated wire   are only allowed for hidden wiring. For this, the insulated cores must be placed in the corrugation. But the cost of three separate wires and corrugated tube will be higher than the cost of a three-wire cable. And stretching the wire through the corrugation is laborious work. The cable has a good external protection, so the tube is not needed for it.

Conclusion : the cable is preferable to the house, not the wire. This is saving, reducing the laboriousness of electrical work and security.

And what cable is needed for wiring in the house: two-, three- or four-core? To replace two-wire wiring of the old type, the cable conductor must contain two cores, and three wires must be replaced to replace the three-wire wiring. If you plan to install two-key switches, then take the four-wire conductor.

Advantages of multi-wire

If the conductive core of the halter is a monolithic wire, then this is a monofilament conductor. If it consists of a set of interlaced thin wires (hairs) - this is a multi-wire conductor, which has the following advantages:

• Does not break when torsion and fold;
• Suitable for permanent mechanical loads;
• Resistant to vibration load;
• With the same cross section with a single-wire wire, it reduces the current loss on the resistance.

Multi-wire is more expensive. And because of its softness, it's harder to stretch when installing a concealed wiring. So what wire to use for wiring the house? It is easier to lay a single-wire wire, but it can break when pulled in a wall or in a bend area. With the multifilament all the way around, but in addition it saves electricity. Make a choice based on your personal preferences.

Aluminum or copper wire?

What wires are needed for wiring in the house: aluminum or copper? Today, aluminum is used only to replace the site of old aluminum wiring. And copper - in all other cases. Advantages of copper wires:

• Copper is more plastic, so when torsion and bending the risk of breaking the wire is lower;
• Copper has less resistance, why the current loss is reduced by 1.3 times;
• Copper wires are less amenable to oxidation, which leads to overheating and a fire hazard situation.

Attention!   When replacing a section of aluminum wiring, you can not buy copper wire. When copper is combined with aluminum, an oxidative process occurs. The risk of fire increases dramatically.

Section calculation

The wire size depends on the load in the circuit. Calculate the power of all consumers of electricity that can be connected at the same time. This is a chandelier, a computer, a TV for a bedroom or a hall, and for a kitchen - a stove, a washing machine and a dishwasher, a microwave, a boiler and a lighting system. The resulting value is rounded up, and then add 20% of the result.

Example.   The amount of power consumers in the chain - 4,5 kW. We round up to 5 kW, and then add 20% - 1 kW. We get 6 kW. Now look at the table and look for a line for a copper or aluminum cable with the right capacity. It can be seen that it is quite suitable aluminum cable   with a cross-section of 6 square meters. mm, or copper with a cross section of 4 square meters. mm.

Cable brand

To know which cable to choose for wiring in the house, you need to determine the conditions for its operation. This will determine the brand of the wire. For a private house, you can distinguish three main zones: internal premises, street, bath. In this case, you need to consider whether the wiring is hidden or open.

For concealed wiring

For the kitchen, bedroom and other rooms are suitable cables brands:

There are no special rules for choice. Take what you thought was better. But electricians prefer the German cable NYM. It costs more, but the quality of the wiring will be higher.

For open wiring

In wooden houses wiring is desired open type, although it is not forbidden to use it for stone buildings. In this case, the choice of cable determines only its color:

• VVG is painted black;
• NYM gray;
• PVS is performed in white or orange;
• ShVVP is standard white, although other colors are rarely found. Ask about them from the seller.

And what kind of wiring is best done in wooden house? It is not the color that matters, but the fire protection. Here, only three options are possible: Russian ВВГнг-LS or ВВГнг, as well as German conductors NYM.

Advice!   If the color of the wire does not suit you, get a cable channel and lay conductors in it. The channel can be painted on your own.

For wiring outside the home

If electricity is supplied to the house not by air, but by ground, then you need to take AVBSHV cables if you have aluminum wiring, and VBBSHV - if copper wire. This brand is armored with steel tape, which is applied after the insulating layer. Steel is protected by rubber from the effects of groundwater. This design resists mechanical damage, which is possible with inaccurate trench digging and soil movements.

And what cable to use for wiring on the street, where precipitation is possible, large temperature changes, sun and wind? This is not afraid of cables VVG and AVVG. They can be laid on the roof and wall.

For the bath

Carry out sockets and switches in the steam room can not. The wire in the bath is only needed to provide light. But to him are high demands:

• Resistance to moisture;
• Ability to withstand temperatures up to 180 degrees.

Such requirements are met by Russian brands RKGM and PVKV, which are protected by a silicon-containing organic shell.

How to correctly read the brand of cable?

On an example of a cable ВВГнг-LS 3х1,5 we will disassemble, how correctly to read marks:

• If the first place is the letter "A", then this is an aluminum conductor. In the labeling of the wire from the example of this letter is not - hence, it is a copper conductor;
• The first "B" says that the insulation coating of each cable core is made of PVC (PVC);
• The second "B" - that the general sheath of the cable is made of PVC;
• "G" is the first letter of the word "naked", which means no additional protection;
• "Ng" - from the words "does not burn", does not support burning;
• "LS" - added if the wire does not emit smoke;
• The first number is the number of cores in the cable. In the example there are three;
• The second number is the cross section of one core.

What do you need to be aware of when buying?

It is possible to single out two pitfalls, they are easy to stumble upon by inexperience:

• Purchase of cable without marking on the protective cover. Under this kind, you can sell any wire, even forbidden to be installed in residential premises. If you buy a wire without marking, and then you have a fire, the insurance company will not pay compensation, as cables that are forbidden for use in the wiring will be found on the spot;
• Purchase cable of dishonest manufacturers, saving by reducing the cross-section and the thickness of the protective shell. It is difficult to detect a dirty trick. But imagine what will happen if you have calculated the power in the electrical network, calculated the required conductor cross-section, and installed a wire with a smaller cross-section? The wiring will heat up, a fire may occur. And the insulation shell is so thin that it will easily burn out or simply deteriorate, exposing the wires.

15% of fires occur due to the laying of a wire that does not comply with safety standards. Low-quality wiring is installed by ignorance or, if desired, reduced costs for electric installation work. But at the same time they forget that human life is more valuable. Do not skimp on buying a cable to protect your family and get quality wiring that does not require repair for dozens of years.

In the houses of the old building, in most cases, has already developed its own resource and is subject to replacement. In addition, the old household networks are absolutely not designed for the power of modern household appliances. Of course, when buying new cables, you should consider some important factors. About what wire to use for wiring in the apartment is best, and talk in this article.

What to consider when choosing

The first thing you need to decide on is the cross-section of the future cable. This parameter depends on such factors:

• the length of the network, and consequently the resistance;
• the estimated load on it;
• material of manufacture.

When deciding which wire to use for wiring in a short-haul network with a heavy load, you should be guided by the heating conditions. for long lines depends to a large extent on the resistance value. Also in this case, mechanical strength is important.

As for the material of manufacture, at present two types of cables are used: copper and aluminum. In the first case, the cross section will be smaller, in the second case - more. For this reason, the overwhelming majority of apartment owners at the moment prefer to stretch in apartments copper cables, characterized by better conductivity.

Consumed load

Section of electrical wiring in the apartment should have such that the owners in the future had the opportunity to connect the devices of the required capacity. The current value for this particular household appliance is determined by the formula I = P / V, where P is its power (you can see it in the technical passport), V is the voltage in the network. In household it is usually 220 V. Thus, for example, for a heater having a power of 2000 W, the current value will be 9 A.

Next, the total current of all prospective consumers is calculated. The cross-section of the copper wire is selected taking into account the permissible 10 A per square millimeter. Aluminum - 8 A. In the event that the wiring is hidden, these values ​​should be multiplied by a correction factor of 0.8. Open wiring in the apartment is almost not used. However, if for any reason you have to choose this option, you should use a wire with a cross section of at least 4 mm 2, which has sufficient mechanical strength. With a greater accuracy, the permissible current load for copper and aluminum cables can be determined by special tables.

Wires for wiring in the apartment are better to choose with some margin in power. This will make it possible in the future to connect new electrical appliances to the network, the purchase of which is not planned at the moment.

In ordinary urban apartments for lighting, a copper wire with a cross section of 1.5 mm 2 is most often chosen, for outlets - 2.5 mm 2. In the kitchen, it is better to stretch the cable 4 mm 2, since there are usually a lot of powerful household appliances - a stove, a refrigerator, a dishwasher, etc. Mounting cable   Entering the apartment is chosen in such a way that its section is a step higher than necessary for the powerful device, which will be used.

Resistance

The question of which wire to use for wiring in an apartment is reduced, among other things, to the correct selection of the section in terms of possible voltage losses. Lines even in urban apartments are quite long. In this case, the voltage drop in the cables can reach an unacceptable value. The choice should be made in such a way that this value does not exceed 5%. To calculate the voltage loss, first calculate the load torque. For this, the power in kilowatts is multiplied by the cable length in meters. Further on the special tables determine the actual loss percentage. It will depend on the moment of loading, the cross-section of the cable and its length. There are separate tables for three-phase and single-phase networks. However, you should be aware that they show the percentage of losses without taking into account the heating of the cable while passing current through it. Therefore, it is also necessary to select the wire cross section in this case with a margin. That is, look at the table value, corresponding to not 5, but 4%.

Soft wires

For residential premises, soft flexible cables are usually chosen. Each vein in this case consists of a large number of thin conductors. Such cables are easy to pull into apartments of complex planning with a lot of bends. The only drawback of the soft wires is that when connecting the wiring it is necessary to compress them and press on them a special tip.

Rigid

There is another kind of cable - rigid. In this case, each vein consists of one conductor. In principle, it does not matter which wires for wiring in the apartment will be chosen - flexible or rigid. The main thing is that the cable corresponds to the loads on it from the consumers. For a city apartment, three-wire versions with a ground wire are usually chosen. The insulation of the cores in this case will have different colors. Brown or red corresponds to the phase conductor, blue to ground, yellow to ground.

The most commonly used wire brands

One of the most popular options is the NYM cable, for wiring in an apartment suitable very well. It represents a flexible version of single-wire veins and has a round shape. Another advantage is the presence of two insulations. The latter circumstance makes it more fireproof.

Another variety, often used in urban apartments, is a single-wire one that can be round or flat. This option is more compact than NYM, and accordingly, and more convenient to lay. To its pluses, among other things, can be attributed not too high cost.

The third common option is a multiwire PVS. This round cable is very flexible. Most often it is used for household appliances as a network cable. However, for the installation of lines it fits very well.

What else do I need to know?

In the event that the wiring is supposed to be pulled behind the plasterboard or the ceiling, use a cable that does not support combustion. Such variants are marked with the letters "NG". It is even better to use the "ls" index. Insulation of such wires in case of fire will not emit a lot of harmful smoke and gases.

It is best if the cable for the wiring in the apartment has double insulation. In any case, you should not save on this. Otherwise, for example, when flooding in an apartment, a fire may also arise, since single insulation is often quite simply damaged during installation or during operation.

How to choose switches

So, you decided on what wire to use for wiring in the apartment. However, cables - this, of course, is not the only element of the network. In addition to them, you will need to buy more and more accessories. Switches are chosen, first of all, based on what kind of wiring is used in the apartment - open or closed. Of course, the first option in this case is used extremely rarely. Therefore, for a city apartment, most likely, you will need to purchase switches for concealed wiring.

In addition, these elements of the network come with a screw and screwless clamp. The first option can be a good choice if the electrical wiring in the apartment is stretched using aluminum cables. The latter may fade slightly over time and begin to spark. In this case it will be enough just to tighten the screws. For copper wiring   usually switches with clamps-terminals are chosen. They are more convenient when connected.

Selection of sockets

This element is best to choose, focusing on the company-manufacturer. However, you need to beware of fakes. In the latter case, the outlet may come from, for example, an unpleasant odor. In addition, low-quality goods are often made of too thin or soft plastic. The socket should be quite heavy. Also it is worth paying attention to the condition of the grounding contact. He should not bend.

It is worth to take a fork into the store and try to plug it into the outlet. Of course, it should not hang out and fall out. For an option such as external wiring in the apartment, as in the case of switches, special design sockets are used.

Today on sale it is possible to meet also the special equipped, for example, sockets USB or LED-illumination. If you want, you can choose this option.

Well, hopefully, our article will help you decide what wire to use for posting in a city apartment. There are many options at the moment. The most important thing is to use cables that are suitable for power devices and are as safe as possible.

It would seem, take any wire and conduct electricity into the house. But no. The choice of cable depends on the operating conditions, the method of its installation and the material of walls and ceiling. Therefore, the wire for an apartment and a cottage is purchased unequally.

We'll figure out which wiring is best for the house, what parameters it should have.

Cable or wire?

For ordinary people, the words wire and cable have the same values. But for an electrician these are two different concepts:

Today's safety rules for insulated wires are only allowed for buried wiring. For this, the insulated cores must be placed in the corrugation. But the cost of three separate wires and corrugated tube will be higher than the cost of a three-wire cable. And stretching the wire through the corrugation is laborious work. The cable has a good external protection, so the tube is not needed for it.

Conclusion : the cable is preferable to the house, not the wire. This is saving, reducing the laboriousness of electrical work and security.

And what cable is needed for wiring in the house: two-, three- or four-core? To replace two-wire wiring of the old type, the cable conductor must contain two cores, and three wires must be replaced to replace the three-wire wiring. If you plan to install two-key switches, then take a four-wire conductor.

Advantages of multi-wire

If the conductive core of the halter is a monolithic wire, then this is a monofilament conductor. If it consists of a set of interlaced thin wires (hairs) - this is a multi-wire conductor, which has the following advantages:

• Does not break when torsion and fold;
• Suitable for permanent mechanical loads;
• Resistant to vibration load;
• With the same cross section with a single-wire wire, it reduces the current loss on the resistance.

Multi-wire is more expensive. And because of its softness, it's harder to stretch when installing a concealed wiring. So what wire to use for wiring the house? It is easier to lay a single-wire wire, but it can break when pulled in a wall or in a bend area. With the multifilament all the way around, but in addition it saves electricity. Make a choice based on your personal preferences.

Aluminum or copper wire?

What wires are needed for wiring in the house: aluminum or copper? Today, aluminum is used only to replace the site of old aluminum wiring. And copper - in all other cases. Advantages of copper wires:

• Copper is more plastic, so when torsion and bending the risk of breaking the wire is lower;
• Copper has less resistance, why the current loss is reduced by 1.3 times;
• Copper wires are less amenable to oxidation, which leads to overheating and a fire hazard situation.

Attention! When replacing the aluminum wiring site, you can not buy a copper wire. When copper is combined with aluminum, an oxidative process occurs. The risk of fire increases dramatically.

Section calculation

The wire size depends on the load in the circuit. Calculate the power of all consumers of electricity that can be connected at the same time. This is a chandelier, a computer, a TV for a bedroom or a hall, and for a kitchen - a stove, a washing machine and a dishwasher, a microwave, a boiler and a lighting system. The resulting value is rounded up, and then add 20% of the result.

Example. The amount of power consumers in the chain - 4,5 kW. We round up to 5 kW, and then add 20% - 1 kW. We get 6 kW. Now look at the table and look for a line for a copper or aluminum cable with the right capacity. It can be seen that an aluminum cable with a cross-section of 6 square meters is quite suitable. mm, or copper with a cross section of 4 square meters. mm.

Cable brand

To know which cable to choose for wiring in the house, you need to determine the conditions for its operation. This will determine the brand of the wire. For a private house, you can distinguish three main zones: internal premises, street, bath. In this case, you need to consider whether the wiring is hidden or open.

For concealed wiring

For the kitchen, bedroom and other rooms are suitable cables brands:

There are no special rules for choice. Take what you thought was better. But electricians prefer the German cable NYM. It costs more, but the quality of the wiring will be higher.

For open wiring

In wooden houses wiring is desired by an open type, although nobody forbids it to use for stone buildings. In this case, the choice of cable determines only its color:

• VVG is painted black;
• NYM gray;
• PVS is performed in white or orange;
• ShVVP is standard white, although other colors are rarely found. Ask about them from the seller.

And what kind of wiring is best done in a wooden house? It is not the color that matters, but the fire protection. Here, only three options are possible: Russian ВВГнг-LS or ВВГнг, as well as German conductors NYM.

Advice! If the color of the wire does not suit you, get a cable channel and lay conductors in it. The channel can be painted on your own.

For wiring outside the home

If electricity is supplied to the house not by air, but by ground, then you need to take AVBSHV cables if you have aluminum wiring, and VBBSHV - if copper wire. This brand is armored with steel tape, which is applied after the insulating layer. Steel is protected by rubber from the effects of groundwater. This design resists mechanical damage, which is possible with inaccurate trench digging and soil movements.

And what cable to use for wiring on the street, where precipitation is possible, large temperature changes, sun and wind? This is not afraid of cables VVG and AVVG. They can be laid on the roof and wall.

For the bath

Carry out sockets and switches in the steam room can not. The wire in the bath is only needed to provide light. But to him are high demands:

• Resistance to moisture;
• Ability to withstand temperatures up to 180 degrees.

Such requirements are met by Russian brands RKGM and PVKV, which are protected by a silicon-containing organic shell.

Selection of the most suitable wire mark

If the question "What wire to choose for wiring in the house?" Is already clear, it is now important to determine which brand of wire for wiring in the house is suitable. The mark of the wire for wiring in the apartment is determined based on the main characteristics: the number of veins, the type of insulation, and much more. For example, a wire marked PRTO consists of a copper core with insulation from cotton fabric impregnated with a specialized composition resistant to rotting.

It should be noted that the brand of wire for concealed wiring, the most suitable for an apartment, is VVGng and PPPP. In order to organize connection to the dashboard   , located on the floor, prefer NYM marking wires.

If there is a question, what wire to take for wiring in a house with a significant energy consumption or for a private estate, then you can safely choose a strong and wear-resistant NYM. It is also used for individual network connections and for competent network wiring to powerful electrical appliances. Of course, when choosing which cable to do wiring in the house, try to stop at more economical WWGG wires, which, unfortunately, can not boast of such a long period of uninterrupted operation as NYM.

About the features of laying electrical wiring in the houses of the bar read. With a photo retro-styling wiring is available.

Applicability of different types of cables

It is necessary to consider the above cable markings in more detail, so that there is no longer any doubt which cable is better for wiring in the house. VVGng wire is a protected cable with copper conductors in it with specialized insulation. The preference of such a mark will solve the problem of deciding which wiring to use in the house, and not only in dry, but subject to the accumulation of moisture rooms.

Which wires are best for wiring in the apartment   : VVGng or simply VVG? Note that the VVGGG wire, in contrast to simple VVG, has a fireproof protection, that is, if a fire occurs, the fire is localized, that is why it is better to prefer safer and more reliable VVGNG.

If you are looking for which wire is best for wiring the house in both the internal and external gasket, then the NYM cable will do. It is indispensable in the organization of the network in the open air; protected from direct sunlight. It has impressive characteristics: it is not flammable and does not cause smoke evolution. This is an important and decisive moment in deciding which cable to use for wiring in the house. NYM consists of strong copper cores, equipped with several protective shells and wear-resistant insulation.

There is one more answer to the question "What cable is needed for wiring in the house?". You can give preference to the brand of PPP. This is the cheapest wire, so when solving the problem, which cable to choose for wiring in the house, it is mounted quite infrequently. PPPP is best suited for setting up networks with a small load and for organizing the lighting system in the house. Unfortunately, the insulation of the PPPP marking is provided by materials of low quality, so the service life of the wire is small.

What wire is used for wiring in the apartment yet? There are brands such as PRN, PRTO, PRI, DTD, etc., but they are rarely mounted, because they have special nuances when laying. For example, PRTO must be installed in non-combustible pipes, and the DWP is suitable for the modernization of lighting networks protected from moisture in the premises. Because of such restrictions, the brands PRTO, TIR, PRN, RR are least often mentioned when deciding the question "What wire to choose for wiring in the apartment?".

How to correctly read the brand of cable?

On an example of a cable ВВГнг-LS 3х1,5 we will disassemble, how correctly to read marks:

• If the first place is the letter "A", then this is an aluminum conductor. In the labeling of the wire from the example of this letter is not - hence, it is a copper conductor;
• The first "B" says that the insulation coating of each cable core is made of PVC (PVC);
• The second "B" - that the general sheath of the cable is made of PVC;
• "G" is the first letter of the word "naked", which means no additional protection;
• "Ng" - from the words "does not burn", does not support burning;
• "LS" - added if the wire does not emit smoke;
• The first number is the number of cores in the cable. In the example there are three;
• The second number is the cross section of one core.

What do you need to be aware of when buying?

It is possible to single out two pitfalls, they are easy to stumble upon by inexperience:

• Purchase of cable without marking on the protective cover. Under this kind, you can sell any wire, even forbidden to be installed in residential premises. If you buy a wire without marking, and then you have a fire, the insurance company will not pay compensation, as cables that are forbidden for use in the wiring will be found on the spot;
• Purchase cable of dishonest manufacturers, saving by reducing the cross-section and the thickness of the protective shell. It is difficult to detect a dirty trick. But imagine what will happen if you have calculated the power in the electrical network, calculated the required conductor cross-section, and installed a wire with a smaller cross-section? The wiring will heat up, a fire may occur. And the insulation shell is so thin that it will easily burn out or simply deteriorate, exposing the wires.

15% of fires occur due to the laying of a wire that does not comply with safety standards. Poor quality wiring is installed by ignorance or, if desired, reduced costs for electrical work. But at the same time they forget that human life is more valuable. Do not skimp on buying a cable to protect your family and get quality wiring that does not require repair for dozens of years.

How to choose a wire for wiring in a private house or apartment, you can learn from the video review: