Pulling wires between posts. How to connect sip with copper cable

The entry of electricity into the house is done according to certain rules. This affects the safety and efficiency of the connection system, which should function for several decades.

Electricity supply to a wooden house

The photo shows how the electricity is connected to a wooden house. On the right is a wire to the trunk, fixed to the anchor, and to the left - a "home" cable into the house, laid in the corrugation on the wall (usually - VVG or VVGng).

Power supply via CIP

Connection to the residential house of electricity is done most often using a self-supporting insulated wire  CIP. It consists of several phase aluminum conductors, covered with polyethylene strong insulation (cross-linked polyethylene), and a zero carrier. It can be with or without insulation. Often, a wire without a zero core (SIP-4, SIP-5) is used for the branches.

In comparison with a conventional cable, SIP has the following advantages:

1. You can do it yourself. If the power line is de-energized, the connection process is completely safe. But if you do not have the skills to work with electricity, it is better to ask for help from electricians.
2. Reliability of electricity transmission in any climatic conditions. The wire can withstand high and low temperatures, wind gusts and precipitation.
3. Low price and durability.

The SIP also has advantages over exposed wires that also run through the air:

• do not require porcelain insulators;
• decreases the distance between the veins;
• there are no intertwining of wires between themselves under the influence of wind;
• reactive losses are reduced by the presence of insulation;
• it simplifies the installation of the wire.

Stamps SIW

1. SIP-1 - with bare bare dwelling. Used for trunk lines and branches.
2. SIP-2 - with an isolated zero dwelling. Used for lighting networks, transmission of electricity through highways and branches.
3. SIP-3 - single-core insulated wire for high-voltage networks.
4. SIP-4, SIP-5, SIP-5ng - two or four twisted insulated wires without a zero core. Applied for branches from highways to houses.

The figure shows the design of different SIP wires in section.

Arrangement of various types of insulated wire

Connection of dissimilar wires

Entry into the house is usually done through an VVG type cable. It is not recommended to connect copper and aluminum conductors directly. Due to the high resistance, the contact point heats up and quickly breaks down. However, there are simple ways to create connections of dissimilar conductors.

The basis is the exclusion of their direct contact. The simplest method  - use of a bolted connection. Here you will need a bolt, nut, several washers and a Grover so that contacts with time do not fade. When tightening the bolt between the conductors, a washer is installed, which protects them from direct contact. It will be even better, if it zaludit.

Connection of copper and aluminum wires together with a bolt with a nut

Then the joint should be wrapped with an insulating tape.

A common way of connecting dissimilar conductors is to use terminal blocks. You can use a conventional terminal block, but there are special terminals, for example, Wago terminals, as well as 222, 773, 2273, where the connection is made without screws. The method is suitable for wires of small cross sections.

The cable cores at the inlet have a large diameter and it is better to use aluminum-copper sleeves pressed on them.

CIP connection with VVG cable

For input, SIP-4 or SIP-5 with 16 mm 2 conductors is used. Smaller size forbidden by the PUE  , and this allowed cross-section will be more than enough. The number of cores can be 2 or 4, depending on whether the power supply is single-phase or three-phase. For branches, a SIP-2 wire with a zero-core carrier is also used.

According to the standard, the maximum span for the curtain wire is 25 m. If the distance from the building to the power line is greater, an intermediate support with a supporting clamp is installed.

The support of the main line is a branch. To the SIP wall is fixed with the help of an arm with an anchor clamp. The clamp for the carrying wire SIP-2 is made in the form of a clamping plate (Figure a), and for SIP-4 a clamp is used with the grip of all the wires simultaneously, the tension between which is distributed evenly (Fig.

Anchor clamps for SIP-2 (a) and SIP-4 (b)

Cores of copper cable VVG, entering the house, are connected to the wire with the help of piercing clips (circled by a red line in Figure a). They guarantee electrical connection  conductors without stripping.

Connection SIP with cable VVGng piercing clips: a - installation of SIP on the wall of the house; b - the device of a piercing clip on two wires

SIP with copper conductor is connected in the following ways:

1. Puncture clamps (Fig. B). Insulated wires are inserted into the clamp holes, after which the upper bolt is tightened. The hermetic case of the device is made of polymer, reinforced with fiberglass. It reliably protects the connection from moisture and is resistant to ultraviolet radiation. The tightening can be done with one bolt or separately for each core.
2. Tap-off clamps (photo below). The design includes 3 bimetal plates and screws for their clamping. The cores are cleaned, inserted between the plates and fixed. An insulating box is put on top. The "nut" connection is preferred for aluminum wires, sensitive to incision from thorns.
3. Cases. The cores are cleaned, inserted into the sleeve and squeezed by the press. The joint is put on the heat-shrinkable tube with the gel inside for sealing.

Tap-off clamps ("nuts") for connecting wires

An alternative solution is the direct input of the SIP into the electrical panel of the house, after which they make the wiring inside. The power supply company allows to use similar projects, since any break on the lead-in cable creates a loophole for theft of electricity.

With any chosen input option, you should ask the Energosbyt technical specifications and perform the work in accordance with them.

The piercing clamps for connecting the cable are leakproof and are available for inspection. To Energosbyt not have questions about the possibility of theft of electricity, you can install clips with a detachable head, which can not be disassembled.

Connection can be made to the input of a conventional two, - or four-pole machine. SIP is a hard wire and it's not very convenient to connect it. With the output of the machine, a conventional cable is connected, which ensures a reliable transition. It is preferable to place the machine on the outside of the house in a closed sealed box. Its value is chosen higher than that of the home system.

Another advantage of this method is that the insulation of the SIP is not designed for laying inside the house. Its contact with any surface is undesirable. In addition, polyethylene is a combustible material, although a wire with a cross section of 16 mm 2 is difficult to heat up to the ignition temperature in the presence of an automaton. If you build inside the house, you should choose the brand SIP-5ng, where the insulation does not spread the combustion.

The weak point is the entry through the wall. AT wooden houses  the gasket is made through metal pipe. In other cases, it's enough to build a plastic one.

Experts can have different points of view on the introduction of electricity. To ensure that it does not have to be reworked, the project of connection should be coordinated with Energosbyt in advance.

Types of piercing clamps for CIP

1. P4 - a small clip for connecting the subscriber and street lighting (figure a below). Contact plates made of aluminum or tinned copper are used.
2. P616R - for entering the house and street lighting (Figure b). The contact plates of the clamp are made of tinned copper.
3. P645 - for connecting the SIP with a copper or aluminum branch (Fig. C).

The types of clamps listed are used to connect strands of copper or aluminum to each other. They can be installed on live lines. Secondary installation is not possible due to the breakout head of the bolt made of aluminum alloy.

Puncturing clamps for SIP: a - P4; b-P616; in - P645

Installation. Video

How to lay the cable SIP to the house, you can find out by watching this video.

Common in the connection of aluminum and copper conductors is that direct contact of conductors is not allowed. An intermediate element must always be installed between them, for example, a washer. For connection of a copper cable to SIP different devices are used, the best of which is a piercing clamp providing reliable contact and tightness.

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Making electrical input into the house using SIP is convenient for many reasons. First and foremost, it is very reliable and is characterized by uninterrupted operation regardless of weather conditions, whether it is exposure to sunlight or wind. SIP has both high electrical and fire safety - that is, even if the line breaks, no one will suffer from electric current, since the wire is insulated. What to say about the longevity of CIP - on average the life of such wires is twenty five years.

So, the decision to choose a wire is obvious, and now it is important to correctly wiring the CIP wire yourself. By the way, for standard conditions in a private house it is better to use SIP-4 two- or four-core section of sixteen square millimeters.

To fix a wire on a support and a wall of the house it is necessary on anchor clips - installation of a wire assumes use of two clips. fasten by means of anchor arms - here you just need to pass the loop of the anchor clamp into the hole of the bracket and, snapping, fix this loop. It turns out that in the end you also need two anchor bracket  - Such fittings for the wire SIP is fixed to the wall of the house with the help of dowels-nails (as a rule, dowels with a size of at least twelve millimeters are used here). Also, metal spacer anchors of the appropriate diameter fit here. On the support, the bracket is attached with the help of a stainless steel fixing tape for CIP (for example, L207).

To connect the branch of the SIP to the operating air line, they are used in the form of punctures, which, due to their design of tinned copper contact plates, reliably connect the wires even with a small cross section. In order to fix the sip wires to the house, it is important to understand that the number of branching clamps depends on the number of CIP strands. For example, if a single-phase power supply is introduced into the house, a two-wire SIP should be used, and therefore two piercing branch terminals (conductors - phase and zero) will be needed here. If three-phase power is input into the house, then a four-wire SIP must be used, and then it is necessary to take four branch terminals (these will be three phase and one zero conductors).

Note that it is strictly forbidden to conduct a cable with aluminum cores for combustible structures. In other words, if the house is wooden, then the entry through the wall is best done by means of a copper cable. Generally, it is recommended to use the VVGng (non-flammable) cable for such power input into the house, which is introduced into the building through a thick walled pipe, previously installed in the wall. The pipe will reliably protect the cable from various damages - for example, in case of a draft at home or from rodents. It is also not bad to protect the cable entry site with the help of a corrugated tube, pre-wired to the cable.

Due to its relative simplicity and reliability, the CIP wire got its right to life, and becomes the undisputed leader. Among the possible options for laying an overhead line, priority, most often, will be given to him. What is SIP, what it looks like and what kinds of things happen, we considered in one of our articles, namely:. In order to independently lay an air line with the help of this conductor, you need to familiarize yourself with certain nuances, as well as purchase auxiliary equipment and special fasteners. Next, we will consider what kind of reinforcement is used for mounting the SIP cable from the post to the house.

Auxiliary fittings for the installation of self-supporting insulated wire can be of different purposes, namely:

• for connecting conductors;
• for suspending the wire on a support or an anchorage;
• for tensioning the air line SIP;
• for connection of contact connections and branches;
• protective auxiliary connections;
• fittings for engagement;
• spiral armature.

Consider them in order. The first thing I would like to talk about is rollers for rolling the wire.

When pulling the electric line, care must be taken not to spoil the insulation layer, to avoid dragging along the ground, along branches of trees and other surfaces. To do this, they resort to drawing on rollers, which are temporarily fastened to poles, in places where the wire will be located for the future.

In order to reliably fix the auxiliary equipment on the support, a galvanized metal tape is used.

To tightly grasp the support, the tensioner pulls the previously cut piece of tape around the post, crimps the bracket, fixing it firmly, and cuts off excess tape.

Fastening hooks are used to perform fast assembly of various SIP fittings on the pole, pillars and facades of buildings. Differ by the type of attachment.

For smooth cutting of a metal tape qualitative scissors which does not leave distortions, sharp edges and edges will be useful. They allow you to cut with one hand quickly and qualitatively, which is certainly appreciated when working at height in crowded conditions.

Compensate torsion and prevent the appearance of loops on the wire NIP, as well as prevent twisting can be using a device such as a swivel, which is used during installation.

In order to roll the wire through the rollers, it is necessary to stretch the cable along them in advance and connect it to the cable, avoiding damages and knots. This can be done with the help of special tightening stockings. The weaving of the stocking is designed so that when it is pulled, an extensive contact area is created and the conductor insulation is not damaged.

A winch is used to tension the wires and eliminate the sagging of the overhead line. The use of this device in conjunction with a dynamometer allows you to correctly install a tensioned wire of an overhead line.

For suspending and fixing the stretched conductor, special mounting clamps are used. When using self-supporting insulated wire with an insulated neutral carrier, a frog tander clip is used.

It is made of a material that is resistant to environmental influences. Also, during the installation of the SIP we will need an anchor and support armature, depending on the place of use (the support or facade of the building) and other sections of the overhead line and branches from it.

Before installing the couplers on the wire, it is necessary to separate the prepared vein from the SIP harness. To do this, there is a phase separator - a wedge of a special shape, diverting the vein to the desired distance, facilitating the installation of the branching clamps.

To connect to the SIP wire use two types of adapter clamps. Tapes are tapping and puncturing. The first  are used for trunk equivalent branches. Comprises a clamp of three plates, between which clamped stripped from insulation current-carrying veins. It is also called "nut". About how to use, we told in a separate article.

To connect a branch from the trunk is used. When selecting the clamps, it is necessary to know the section of the main line and the branch, proceeding from this make a choice.

For crimping of the tips, ends of the SIP wire, which are disconnected to the input or registration board, you may need a press for crimping the tips and special matrices. With the help of this device, the contact of the core with the tip is obtained as high as possible.