Translation of diode watts into ordinary ones. What is a LED lamp? Legend on the box

The LED lamp today is one of the most environmentally friendly light sources on earth. Such lamps do not contain mercury-containing chemicals, and therefore they do not pose a particular danger for use as a home light source. Today we will talk about how to choose an LED lamp, what nuances to look for, and what manufacturer to choose.

Light for home: why the LED lamp?

In times of rising tariff electricity prices, each person is looking for more ways to save money. And one of such ways, especially in recent times, has become lED lamp.

This lamp practically does not contain dangerous chemicals - this is one of its main advantages.

The second advantage is their level of energy consumption, which is 10 times less than conventional incandescent lamps. It is for these reasons that we are buying LED lamps.

When buying such light sources, there are many questions about how to buy LED lamps: which forms to choose, which manufacturer, how to determine the power? Thanks to so many questions and ignorance people are afraid to buy something new and unknown, So let's examine these basic questions and make sure that there is nothing terrible. And that this light is the best in our day.

LED bulb design: safety first

The design of any LED lamp has three main elements, on which the quality of the luminescence and its service life depends. Knowledge of its design will give us an understanding of how to choose the right LED lamp. It includes:

• lED - as a light source;
• mini transformer;
• cooling radiator.

Let's start with the first one. LEDs in lamps have a different layout - I just want to say that you should not buy lamps consisting of several white LEDs.

They are ineffective and quickly break down. It is best to take with one superpowerful or several blue LEDs, and necessarily covered with phosphorus. Such a mixture of the latter allows you to get a bright white light.

We all know that a normal home network has a voltage of 220 V, for a light-emitting diode, 12 V direct current. The transformer is exactly the part of the light bulb that is engaged in voltage conversion. This is the most vulnerable detail and its cost is quite expensive. If the transformer is of poor quality, the light bulb can not work for a long time, and you simply throw money away.

The radiator is designed to cool a permanently heated transformer. This element is an auxiliary element. It is necessary that he has good ventilation. Having analyzed three basic elements, we now roughly understand how to choose an LED lamp.

Lamp power selection

The power of the lamp is of particular importance. In LED lamps, this indicator is significantly different from the performance of conventional light bulbs. Their power starts from 5.5 W and ends with 25 watts. where the value of 2.5 W is equal to 25 W of a conventional incandescent lamp, and the value of 25 W is equal to 150 W. Thus, choosing the power, it is necessary to understand what level of brightness you need in the room - low or higher. As a rule, several such lamps are installed at a large room. Select LED home lamp is very simple. We will proceed from the fact that on 3 square. Only one lamp is needed, which will give a cozy and even light.

Does the shape of the lamp matter?

The shape of the LED lamp is of great importance. When choosing a form, do not be guided by the number of LEDs in one lamp. As a rule, a large number of them say that the light bulb is cheap and very quickly will become unusable. There are several forms of LED lamps, they include:

• lamps of open type;
• lamps closed type.

Immediately it is worth saying that open type  speaks about the quality of lamps. They are not worth buying. They very quickly deteriorate. As for the closed type, here too there are pitfalls. Before buying, you need to know more about the LED itself, since inside it can be installed ordinary white - the cheapest items. The most qualitative are super-power LEDs and blue-spectrum LEDs, coated with phosphorus. The last combination is the most qualitative and durable in terms of service life. Now we know how to choose an LED lamp based on its shape and type.

Manufacturers of LED lamps

There are many different manufacturers, both little-known and very famous, for example, "Phillips". Now we will figure out which manufacturer of LED lamps to choose. As a rule, it is best to choose those producers that are profiled in the production of electricity and lighting equipment. This approach will allow you to be confident in the company itself, which produces not that cheap a product. Such firms are:

• Philips.
• Nichia.
• OSRAM.
• LedEngin and so on.

Choosing the products of these manufacturers, you can be sure of its quality. This will definitely not waste money, as they guarantee the quality of their lamps. Having analyzed the main nuances of LED sources, it turned out that the question: "How to choose an LED lamp?" - not so complicated. Now we can buy a quality, reliable, and most importantly, an economical light source.

Cost of LED lamp

The price of an LED lamp depends on the quality of the lamp itself and the manufacturer that produces it. Most expensive lamps contain high-quality components - a good phosphor-coated LED, a quality and durable transformer and good cooling. The price for such a light bulb can vary from 5 to 15 dollars.

You will say that it is very expensive for one light bulb. However, such a light source as an LED bulb is 10 times more economical, about 20 times longer than a conventional incandescent lamp, and, finally, it brightens the room better and more pleasantly, making it more cozy.

Every year in the world there are discoveries, which further allow a little simplify the life of ordinary citizens. One of the most important moments of our modern life is payment utilities. And the light in the payments is not the last place, because it is not always possible to use it less than your actual needs. But with the invention of LED lamps and fixtures, it finally appeared possible not to reduce the amount of light used, but at the same time to pay fewer times.

In today's article we will talk about such an important parameter of LED light sources, such as power (m), as well as the power factor and other important features of this type of lighting.

Features and main technical characteristics

LED light bulbs today actively supplant other types of lamps from everyday use. After all, they are more effective than other sources of light.
The LED lamps are characterized by the highest energy efficiency. This means that such light bulbs consume much less electricity than their predecessors.

Note! LED light bulbs are light sources of a new generation, fundamentally different from fluorescent products and incandescent lamps.

Advantages of LED light bulbs is as follows:

• high specific power;
• long service life;
• high energy efficiency;
• excellent color rendition coefficient;

Color Rendering Factor LED

• ecological compatibility;
• safety of operation.

But there are also disadvantages, which consist in a rather high cost of LED lighting products. Therefore, these light bulbs have not completely replaced the light sources that are less efficient in terms of power and quality.
  The following characteristics are typical for LED:

• power - from 1 W;
• light output - 88,8 Lm / W;
• the voltage is 170-240 V;
• color effect - warm or cold white / yellow light;
• the luminous flux is 800 lm;
• t0 heating - 2700 K;
• the duration (average) of the work is 40000 hours.

But the most important parameter of choosing this product for changing the type of lighting in the house is the power and its coefficient.

The basic characteristic of the LED light source

Carrying out the replacement of old models on lED Light Bulbs, the first thing that should be paid attention is the power (specific) and its coefficient. These parameters for lighting are basic. In order to effectively determine the power and its coefficient, the package contains a table with a list of technical characteristics.

Note! Different lamps, despite the same indicators, can give different light. This also applies to LED products manufactured by various manufacturers.

Two lamps having the same index can have different light flux, as well as dispersion angle and color temperature. All these parameters contain a table, indicated on the packaging of any kind of lamp.
The light flux is the radiation power (how much light it radiates), which gives the light source in all directions. The table below shows the mean values light flux  different lamps.

Luminous flux of various lamps

As you can see, this parameter will give an opportunity to estimate how much electricity a light source consumes. It is very important to know when changing one type of lighting to another. In order to correctly determine (m) the luminous flux and how much the selected model consumes, the following table exists.

Power table

It can be seen from the table that when using LED lamps of 3 W, their light output will correspond to incandescent lamps of 25 W. This table also shows how much savings in terms of electricity consumption can bring even the smallest light source.

Note! The indicators listed in the table are given in the averaged values. This means that, in fact, they may differ slightly from these figures, especially from different manufacturers.

Power factor of LED products

As mentioned above, the consumed (m) is an important indicator of the effectiveness of the application for illuminating a particular light source. Thanks to this characteristic, lED lights. At the same level of light flux, they consume much less (m), thus saving electricity and your money.

Note! It is impossible to consider separately (m) the lamp, its efficiency and luminous flux.

The power consumption is measured in watts and is always indicated by the manufacturers on the packaging of each lighting product. In this case, there is another indicator, which should be told in this situation - the coefficient (m).

Power factor for LED lamps

This coefficient is also called cosine fi. But this is the older name of the parameter of those times when it did not yet exist pulse sources power supply. It reflects the degree of distortion of the form of the sinusoidal voltage present in the network. Also, this factor reflects the current shift with respect to the voltage. It is measured in relative units and ranges from one or less.
  Note! The ideal option for lighting is a factor (m) equal to one.

Efficiency as an important parameter of choice

Choosing lED type  lighting, you need to choose the right light source. To date, LED products are represented by the widest range of the most diverse types.

Variety of LED models

It is necessary to choose here not only by the above parameters, but also by efner efficiency. However, whatever model you choose, it will still be much more effective than the old analogs (incandescent, halogen and luminescent).
  Another important characteristic choice of LED  products is an assessment of its effectiveness. By efficiency, we understand the ratio of the lamp's light flux to its power consumption.  This parameter is measured in lumens / watt.

Note! The higher the efficiency of the light source, the brighter it will shine, consuming all the same power.

For LED, the standard value of efficiency will be 80-100 lumen / watt. For example, the same value for incandescent lamps will be at about 12 lumen / watt. Already looking only at these figures it is clear how much LED usage will be more effective and profitable than incandescent lamps, which already outlive themselves, as they can not withstand competition from more profitable models.

A small nuance to keep in mind

When evaluating such an indicator as the effectiveness should be distinguished, that is the effectiveness of LEDs and separately lighting equipment. The increase in the efficiency of LED-lighting fixtures is continuously increasing due to the increased efficiency of the LEDs themselves.

LEDs

But it should be remembered that the plafond and the driver of the lighting fixture contributes a certain share of the losses. This is often forgotten by people when choosing a source of light for certain types of lighting equipment. Therefore, choosing a light bulb for a specific type of device, you must remember about such losses. Otherwise, the chosen model, even at the same power as the one being replaced, can give a light flux of a smaller value. As a result, the lighting of the premises will be substandard and will not meet the standards prescribed in the documents regulating this issue.
  With a detailed consideration of efficiency, as the ratio of the light flux to the power consumption, it is possible to quickly determine the degree of efficiency of the LED application as an advantageous substitute for old light sources (incandescent, halogen and fluorescent light bulbs).

Conclusion

Carrying out a comparative assessment of power, efficiency and other criteria for evaluating the prospects of a particular light source, LED bulbs indisputably occupy leadership positions in all parameters. Their low power consumption at the same power and light flux makes LED products the most promising application for home and street lighting. As soon as they become cheaper, the old models will surely become the property of history.

Wall bracket in the bathroom: the right choice and installation

In order to save electricity, many consumers have long ago abandoned incandescent lamps (LN) and switched to energy-saving luminescent analogues. With the development of technology and the introduction of innovative solutions in the production, alternative light sources appeared - LED lamps (SL). They are several times more economical than conventional and fluorescent lamps. When choosing this product it is not enough to be guided only by its power, it is necessary to know its main characteristics and to determine the operating conditions.

LED lamp: design and main technical characteristics

The LED lamp is a light source, the radiation of which is carried out due to the use of several LEDs connected to one circuit. Unlike other varieties of lamps, it does not use a tungsten filament, various gases, mercury and other components that are dangerous to human life. It is an environmentally friendly device that does not emit harmful substances during operation and failure. By its energy-saving indicators it is the most economical among analogues. Can be used for street lighting, industrial or residential buildings and premises.

The design of this lamp consists of the following elements: a diffuser, LEDs, a circuit board, a radiator, a power supply, a casing and a cap. The last element can have two sizes of the cartridge E14 (small) and E27 (large).

When choosing, you need to be guided by the values ​​of the main characteristics:

• The luminous flux is measured in lm (lumens). The amount of light that travels in all directions from the light source.
• Power, unit of measure Wt. The amount of energy consumed per unit time.
• Color temperature of luminescence, unit of measure K. Determines the color of the light flux emanating from the radiation source. The incandescent lamps are mostly 3000K, this is a "warm", yellowish shade. LED light sources are different, from 3000K to 6500K ("cold" color, with a small admixture of blue).
• Light output, measured in lm / W. The characteristic that determines the efficiency and economy of the light source. The products of different manufacturers, of course, it is different.
• Heating temperature, unit of measure ° C. Indicates the operating temperature of the glass surface of the lamp.
• The service life is measured in hours. Determines the maximum service life in the optimal and stated by the manufacturer conditions.
• Color rendering index, CRI. Measured in the range from 0 to 100 points. For optimal perception of a person's color rendition from a light source, the more points, the higher. A value of 80 CRI is considered normal.

Two LED lamps that have the same power can differ in the amount of light output and the luminescence temperature.

This variety energy saving light bulb  can be made of two types: standard (pear-shaped) and in the form of "corn". This factor must be taken into account when replacing the light source in the luminaire. The latter view is not recommended, since in this design the LEDs are located on the outside.

Comparison of LED bulbs and incandescent lights

For household use, a person uses LN with a rated power of 40, 60, 100 watts. Let's analyze the correspondence of LED lamps to incandescent lamps. The results are shown in the correspondence table. From the data it follows that the declared LN corresponds to the power of LED lamps 5, 7 and 13 W, which is more than 8 times less.

The rest of their technical indicators are almost equivalent. The obvious advantage of SLs lies in their power consumption and lifetime. Thus, the replacement of a conventional light bulb in a luminaire with this energy-saving light source is economically justified, which is first confirmed by the ratio of LED lamps and incandescent lamps.

Performance Comparison

In general, lighting is used in the dark, when a person is in a state of rest and rest. For these conditions, a favorable light is considered soft (warm) lighting. It corresponds color temperature equal to 2100-3500 K. Therefore, the emitted yellowish light from the LN is better suited than the white from the SL. In the light flux emitted by the LED, there is a blue color that has a negative effect on the person's vision, especially on the non-formed lens of the child's eye. Light bulbs having a blue spectrum in their radiation are recommended to be used to illuminate workplaces in the office, since it stimulates human activity and productivity. Also a negative effect on the optic nerve is flickering LED lamps. This is due to the poor quality of the assembly and components of the power supply unit, as well as by jumps and voltage drops.

Before acquiring SL, make sure that the pulsation of its luminous flux is not more than 5%.

When choosing an alternative light source, it is necessary to be guided not only by the power of LED lamps and incandescent lamps, but also by the rest technical characteristics  and factors. The high price for SL is compensated by the subsequent saving of money resources for payment of consumed electricity and a long service life. And the lack of a high temperature of heating the external surface and the release of harmful substances into the environment during work increases the safety of the product.

Video

In the practical choice of LED lamps, it is inevitable to compare it with the light sources that are already available to us. First of all with incandescent lamps. That is, you need to know how the light of the LED lamp can be compared with the light of the already familiar lighting lamps.

After all, LED lamps are bought in order to replace incandescent lamps, which means that you need lamps with a certain amount of light. If you are used to the fact that you have a 75-watt incandescent lamp in your kitchen, then you need an LED lamp that gives you the same amount of light. That is, the power of the LED lamp should be approximately equal to the power of the incandescent lamp.

The problem is that over a long period of monopoly of incandescent lamps, we were taught to misjudge them on the scale "weak-strong". Historically, this estimate was made based on the power consumed by the lamp. That is, the lamps differed and were estimated in watts. However, this was wrong.

Because we need a lamp in order to get the light. We need a light flux of a certain strength. How much it consumes power at the same time is the second question. While there were only incandescent lamps on the market, there was no difference in what to evaluate them, even in parrots.

But today several types of light sources are already available. And there was a need to compare them with each other. And according to the power consumption of electricity this can not be done, because different types of lamps have different.

For example, 100 watt LED lamps are already industrial type lighting (E40 base), for large areas. But an incandescent lamp per 100 watts is just household lamp  for relatively small rooms. If you buy, for the replacement of a 100W incandescent lamp, a 100W LED lamp, you can not use it in domestic premises  - it will be too bright.

In other words, you can not compare the power of an LED lamp in watts with the power of an incandescent lamp.

How to be?

For a very long time, since the creation of the first lamps, there is a special unit of measurement specifically for lamps - lumens. This unit indicates the strength of the lamp's glow, that is, how much light the lamp gives.

Here is a short table of luminosity for the most common incandescent lamps:

• A 25 W incandescent lamp - a luminance of 230 lumens (9 lumens per 1 watt efficiency).
• Incandescent lamp 40 W - luminosity 415 lumens (efficiency 11 lumens per 1 watt).
• Incandescent lamp 60 W - luminosity 720 lumen (efficiency 12 lumen per 1 watt).
• The 75 W incandescent lamp has a luminosity of 940 lumens (12.5 lumens per 1 watt efficiency).
• Incandescent lamp 100 W - luminosity 1350 lumens (efficiency 14 lumens per 1 watt)

Remember these figures - 230, 415, 720, 940 and 1350 lumens. And be guided by them when you choose an LED lamp. On the packaging of LED lamps, not only their power (watts) is indicated, but also luminosity (lumens). Look at the luminosity figure.

For comparison, the table of power LED lamps:

• LED lamp Ikea Ryet 3 W - luminance 200 lumens (efficiency 67 lumens per 1 watt).
• LED lamp Phillips 4.3 W - luminosity 470 lumens (efficiency 109 lumens per 1 watt).
• LED lamp Ikea Ryet 5.5 W - luminosity 400 lumens (efficiency 73 lumens per 1 watt).
• LED lamp OSRAM 6 W - luminosity 470 lumens (efficiency 78 lumens per 1 watt).
• LED lamp OSRAM 10 W - luminosity 806 lumen (efficiency 80 lumens per 1 watt).
• LED lamp Ikea Ryet 13 W - luminosity 1000 lumens (efficiency 77 lumens per 1 watt).
• LED lamp Phillips 10,5 W - luminosity 1055 lumen (efficiency 100 lumens per 1 watt).
• LED lamp OSRAM 12 W - luminosity 1055 lumen (efficiency 88 lumens per 1 watt).

Using two tables, we can get a comparison of the power of LED lamps and incandescent lamps.

Table of power of LED lamps and incandescent lamps

• The 25 W incandescent lamp is an Ikea Ryet LED light of 3 W, but the light will be slightly less, approximately like a 22 W incandescent bulb.
• Incandescent lamp 40 W - LED Ikea Ryet 5.5 W, Phillips 4.3 W, OSRAM 6 W. The last two will actually give the amount of light a little more than a 40 W incandescent lamp.
• Incandescent lamp 60 W - LED OSRAM 10 W, but this lamp will give more light, approximately like an incandescent lamp at 65 watts.
• Incandescent 75W - Ikea Ryet LED 13W, Phillips 10.5W, OSRAM 12W. But all three will give the amount of light a little more, approximately like an incandescent lamp of 80 watts.

As you can see from the three tables, most likely you will not be able to find the exact analog, by the strength of light, for your incandescent lamp. But there is still no great difference in the strength of light.

Averaged, the matching of the power of LED lamps and incandescent lamps can be expressed in this way:

• Incandescent lamp 25 W - power LED lamps about 3 - 3.5 watts.
• Incandescent lamp 40 W - power LED lamps about 4.5 - 5.5 watts.
• Incandescent lamp 60 W - LED lamps about 8 - 9 watts.
• The incandescent lamp is 75 W - LED lamps are approximately 10 - 13 W.
• Incandescent lamp 100 W - LED lamps of about 15 watts.

It can be formulated more succinctly: LED lamps provide comparable luminosity with a difference in power consumption of about 6-8 times.

Additional articles on the topic of LED lamps.

Lamps incandescence for a long time remained an uncontested method of illumination. But now there are more economical and with a long service life - gas-discharge and LED. For the right choice  These models need to know the correspondence of their characteristics to the parameters.

  Differences between LED and spiral models

The characteristics of any lighting device are determined by its design and principle of operation. The work of the incandescent lamp is based on a large measure of the electrical resistance of tungsten: a spiral of this material is heated when the current is applied. For protection from external influences, uniform luminescence and for safety reasons it is enclosed in a glass flask with rarefied air inside.

For traditional incandescent lamps, an affordable price is typical, which is a relative way of saving. It is necessary to take into account its average service life and power consumption. If we compare the conformity of LED lamps to incandescent lamps, it is more economical to purchase the first ones. They are a set of of semiconductor diodes, connected to each other in a single circuit. Each of them is a crystal that emits photons when an electric current passes through it.

Before you buy LED lamps, you should make a comparison of them with spiral. The difference is as follows.

1. LEDs consume significantly less energy. On average, 10 times less than incandescent lamps.
2. Angle of dissipation. The vast majority of LED lamp designs are a plane on which light elements are mounted. In this case, the scattering angle does not exceed 170 °. For incandescent lamps, this is 360 ° - full illumination.
3. Semiconductor models last longer. This is due to the low heating of the crystal, which does not lead to its gradual destruction, which is characteristic of the tungsten helix.

That's why it's better to buy the equivalent of an incandescent lamp - LED lighting device. The difference in cost is compensated by low power consumption and a long service life.

  Methods of calculating compliance: a comparison table

What are the parameters for choosing an LED lamp? Consider the power in this case is incorrect - it only shows the amount consumed electric power. The determining parameter for any lighting device is the intensity of the light flux, measured in lumens (Lm).

It is generally accepted that a 100 W incandescent bulb emits light with an intensity of 1200-1400 Lm. The difference may be due to the degree of transparency of the glass bulb. In order for the LED model to have the same intensity value, its power consumption should be about 14 W. Why are they most often looking for an equivalent in terms of energy consumption? Not always manufacturers indicate the intensity of the light flux. Therefore, for a correct comparison with the characteristics of incandescent bulbs, the power ratio should be taken.

But it is not always possible to find a suitable LED light bulb. Therefore, instead of the first one, you can set several - in the sum they will create a light flux of the desired intensity.

In addition, it is necessary to take into account other comparative characteristics, in particular, the scattering angle. It determines the area that will be illuminated. To create full lighting it is recommended to purchase LED bulbs in the form of a "pear". At it the points of illumination are located on all surface and have various angles of an orientation.

Its dimensions are approximately equal to a traditional spiral lamp, and this is not always acceptable. Therefore, most commonly installed semiconductor models with a flat pad, the scattering angle of which does not exceed 170 °. Such models are best suited for spot lighting.

Also, one should take into account the number of LEDs: the larger the number, the more uniform the illumination will be. But this affects the cost of a light bulb. Therefore, most often choose models with 4-8 LEDs with a total power of 10-14 watts.