The ratio of light flux halogen and LED lamps. On complex light-emitting diodes - simple language

Today, the market offers a large selection of light sources: LED, all known and familiar incandescent lamps, halogen and compact fluorescent. The last of the named performances is also called energy-saving, as they successfully replaced analogs with the filament because of a small level of energy consumption.

In addition, there are models of such lamps with a socle Edison (E27). For comparison, a special table has been created for the correspondence of the main technical characteristics of various types of light sources (luminous flux, power): luminescent energy-saving, LED, incandescent.

Differences in construction

The most popular type of lamp at all times - with a tungsten filament, located inside a transparent or matte flask. These are designs with a filament that are equipped with Edison E27, E14 or E40 base. The glow produces an electric current passing through the tungsten filament. This is the most affordable option.

Only the minuses he has quite a lot, which makes gradually move to other lamps, for example, luminescent energy-saving.

device of halogen species

In particular, the life of analogues with the filament is only 1,000 hours, besides they have a low efficiency (most of the energy is converted into thermal energy).

Somewhat more effective lamps   halogen. In their design, a tungsten filament is also provided, as in the case of a filament with an incandescent filament. But inside the flask contains bromine or iodine. The chemical processes that occur between these elements and tungsten atoms contribute to the prolongation of the lifetime of such a lamp (up to 4,000 hours).

An even more perfect option is energy saving light sources. Compact power fluorescent lampsthe eyeglasses are noticeably lower than for analogues with a filament and halogen versions, and the radiation intensity provides no less bright light.

In the design, the main elements are electrodes, when the current is supplied, an arc discharge is formed. UV radiation appears due to gaseous filling (an inert gas, mercury vapor), and visible it makes the phosphor, deposited on the inner walls of the bulb.

Diode lamp construction

The market also offers LED lamps. Their operation is based on light-emitting diodes, the type and number of which determines the intensity of the light flux. By power this is the most economical performance. In the range of models of each type of light source, variants equipped with the Edison E 27 base are presented, which allows them to be installed instead of analogues with filament.

Overview of the technical characteristics of lamps

When choosing the key are precisely the parameters of the light source, thanks to which it is easy to determine whether the selected lamps match the operating conditions (room area, installation height, ambient temperature, sufficient brightness level, etc.).

Colorful temperature

The main technical characteristics of various bulbs:

1. Power, W). Determines the level of power consumption of the light source. It is recommended to pay attention to economical performances, especially if the lamps for the room are selected, where the light will be switched on for a long period (kitchen, living room, children's room).
2. The intensity of the light flux (lm). This parameter allows you to determine before you buy how bright the light from the device will be. If we consider the LED performance, then the light flux will not depend on the power. This relationship between the parameters is observed in luminescent energy-saving, halogen and analogues with a filament.
3. Colorful temperature. Depending on the value of this parameter, you can get a cool blue (more than 5 000 K), warm yellow (less than 3 000 K) and neutral light (4 000 K). Based on the magnitude of the color temperature, you can determine the level of comfort from the glow of the lamp (the higher the value, the worse the light is perceived).
4. Type of socle. In different models holders can be provided in two variations: pin and threaded (E 27, E 14, E 40). In everyday life it is easier to use lamps with the E27 base. This is the most common type that light sources with a filament are equipped with. Variants with the E 14 base are smaller in size, and E 40, on the contrary, are used in the construction of bulbs with a large bulb. Today, you can pick up performances with E 27 socle in the assortment of models of each of the sources of the set.
5. Life time.

In addition, for each type of lamp, other characteristics should be considered.

For example, when choosing LED designs, the type of diodes used and their number are taken into account. Energy-saving (compact luminescent) analogues are chosen in the shape of a bulb.

Comparison of different types of lamps

In order to determine the best variant of the light-emitting element, it is necessary to carry out a comparative analysis of the main parameters of the species of interest. Considering that halogen designs are similar in power level to incandescent lamps, they were not included in the correspondence table:

Compare different types of light sources

It is the ratio of the light flux and the load level that makes it possible to choose the most suitable option for the combination of characteristics. It is also necessary to take into account the configuration of the room, since a lamp with a high radiation intensity does not always satisfy the requirements of the illumination of a low space of a small area.

Review of positive and negative features

The main role is played by power. The comparison table showed that the best are energy saving and LED lamps. In addition, the level of light-emitting element loading does not affect the degree of its radiation intensity. So, there is an opportunity to save up to 80% of electricity, and without a minimal loss in lighting quality.

The brightness level of light sources of the same power value (for example, you can take 4 W) higher for LED versions (300 lumens). This option is heated less than others. In addition, lamps based on diodes are stronger. But the operation of luminescent analogs is not completely safe, since they are equipped with a glass bulb, inside which also contain mercury vapor.

By the time of operation, lead, again, the performance based on diodes (an average of 50,000 hours). Slightly behind them energy-saving lamps (9 000-12 000 hours). Analogues with the filament are also lost in this parameter (1,000 hours).

The advantage of each of the above-mentioned light-emitting elements is the type of holder used - they are all equipped with a base E 27.

The main disadvantages of luminescent compact and lED Lighting   are at a rather high price. But if you consider the long service life of both varieties, you can talk about savings when buying them, because you do not have to often change the lamp. In addition, both options are characterized by neutral white or cold light. Therefore, it is customary to assume that the bulbs of these types create a less pleasant room lighting. But progress does not stand still and gradually the range of light sources expands, which means the appearance of different in color temperature glow.

Most recently, LEDs have been used exclusively in signal devices, tablets, buttons and other devices for technical purposes. Currently, lighting devices on their basis are increasingly included in the everyday life of ordinary people, in the interiors of apartments and offices. They have become indispensable in street architectural lighting, the sphere of decorative illumination they have no equal. Every day more and more office, retail and industrial premises are converted to LED lighting.

Pleasant news - the country's chief doctor, Gennady Onishchenko, said the full suitability of LED lighting for use in general and preschool institutions without harm to people's health.

Nevertheless, LED lights still remain for many something unknown, incomprehensible, and some people are generally disappointed in them because of poor-quality goods from China. In order not to fool ourselves, let's take a closer look at this issue.

Lighting devices based on light-emitting diodes, certainly, are more difficult in the technical plan, than, say, household chandeliers on usual or halogen bulbs. But understanding the new terms and properties, it will not be difficult to understand them.

The International Commission on Illumination (ICE) has introduced standards and terms to describe all the properties of LEDs, allowing us to carry out some sort of classification and generally have the opportunity to choose the field of application for them.

Naturally, to professionals all these terms are quite understandable. But how to be an ordinary person who does not have special knowledge in this area? In fact, "the forest is not so dense", as it seems at first glance. Below we present the main terms and their description in a simple and understandable language.

Power   - Here like everything is clear. We are used to choosing light bulbs for the house based on their power and the area of ​​the room, where we put these light bulbs. In principle, everything is true. But in the world lED lighting   one of this parameter is not enough for choosing a lamp. It rather shows not the brightness of the lamp, but how much energy it will consume. Although the direct dependence of the amount of light emitted from the power is certainly present.

Here is the average power ratio table conventional incandescent lamps (LN), compact fluorescent (CFL) and LED (light) light sources:

It can be seen from the table that the approximate ratio of the powers of a conventional lamp (LN) to an LED (LED) is expressed as 7,5: 1 . That is - 1 Watt LED is equal to 7.5 watts of a conventional lamp.

Also in the table there is one more parameter - "Light flow", it will be discussed further.

Light flow   - characterizes the radiation power of the source according to its perception by the human eye. In other words, it shows how light it will be from a particular light bulb or lamp. If you go back to the table, you can see that everyone's favorite 100-Watt light bulb   incandescent "gives" approximately 1200 Lumen (lm)   and corresponds to this indicator 12-15 W LED Light Lamp.

Light output   - a value that characterizes the efficiency of the luminaire. That is, how effectively electric power is converted into light. Measured as the ratio of the light flux to the power - lumen / watt. It is even simpler - how much light is studied by a light bulb or a 1 Watt lamp of its own power. At modern LED fixtures this indicator varies from 65 to 90 lm / W in mass production. For comparison, a conventional lamp   (LH) - approximately 12-13 lm / W, for luminescent (LL) - approximately 45 lm / W.

Also, the luminous flux depends on color temperature. The higher this parameter, the more visible light gives the source.

Colorful temperature   - in simple usage denotes the "warmth" of radiation. Measured in Kelvinah (K). You probably heard phrases such as "daylight", "warm light", "neutral light", "lamp daylight" etc. So, under these general phrases are completely concrete figures.

It's not a secret that the coverage determines the emotional component of our personalities very much. For example - "warm", yellow light of an ordinary bulb, we are accustomed to associate with the house, with comfort. We relax in this light. In offices, they usually use fluorescent lighting   daylight. With them we absolutely do not feel "at home", we are emotionally tuned to the working mood.

These factors must be taken into account when choosing sources of lighting for specific premises and tasks.

Below is an interesting table of correspondence Color temperature   and an example of a source with the same temperature that surrounds us day to day.

Another very important parameter of the LED light source - Color rendering   or Color rendering index.

Color rendering index (CRI or Ra)   - a parameter characterizing the level of correspondence of the color of the body to the color of this body when illuminated by a given light source.

In other words - how natural and correct are the colors of a particular object when illuminated by a specific lamp (at least once it was for everyone - under the same lamp the object seemed to be the same color, under another lamp - another color).

The fact is that not all light sources correctly and reliably reflect the colors that we see. This parameter affects, of course, and Colorful temperature   lamp, but not always. It happens that the temperature of the sources is the same, but the colors they transmit in different ways.

Let's give some classification of different lighting sources and their color rendition.

For the standard of color rendition (RCI = 100%)   a standard incandescent lamp is taken. This is done for one simple reason - in ancient times people had the only "artificial" light source at that time, fire, whether it was a fire or a candle. Further, an incandescent lamp went into life, which, according to the color temperature, was and remains close to the color temperature of the flame. And the human perception of color under artificial illumination was established in this range.

Proceeding from this, it is not difficult to conclude that the higher the percentage of the Color Rendering Index, the better it "transmits" the colors of surrounding objects.

But this parameter does not always have "big weight" when choosing a luminaire. For example, in medical offices, educational institutions, public premises - it certainly needs to be taken into account. This is logical, we want to perceive colors with all their naturalness. But, for example, when lighting road zones, yards - this question practically disappears, since it is important, in fact, the amount of light and its direction (which will be discussed a little later).

Voltage. The supply voltage of LED lighting sources (lamps and luminaires) can be: 220V (in most cases this value is "blurred" within 110-260V)
  24V
  12V

Most LEDs work from constant voltage (24V   or 12V). The ability to power the source directly from the standard 220V   There is a case in which the chips are connected in series in the LED module and the resistance modules are placed in the circuit. But, as we know from school, with a consecutive connection when at least one link of the chain leaves - the whole chain stops working. LEDs operating from a standard network are called "High-voltage".

In the majority of luminaires is used in series parallel connection   LEDs, in which the output of one or more circuit elements does not lead to a complete inoperability of the luminaire. But under such a scheme, the power of the LEDs is possible only from a constant voltage of 12V or 24V, that is, through a special power supply (as it is also called "Driver"   or scientifically «LED control device (CU)»).

Therefore, if you do not have a LED garland in your hands, but a household light that you can plug into a wall outlet - you know, there is a power supply inside it anyway.

The light intensity curve (KSS) - the parameter of light sources (not only LEDs), characterizing how, at what angle the light flux is distributed. This parameter is one of the most important in lighting engineering. But most of all it is important in the LED industry, since unlike standard light sources that emit light in all directions, the LED emits light only in one hemisphere.

For example, for lighting high premises (from 10 m and above) such as warehouses or production halls, the optimal choice will be luminaires with deep (D) and concentrated (K)   KSS, and for street lighting, such as yard spaces - with wide (W).

The standards provide for 7 types of KSS:
M   -uniform (0-180 °)
FROM   - Sinus (70-90 °, 110-90 °)
L   - half-wide (35-55 °, 145-125 °)
W   - wide (55-85 °, 125-95 °)
TO   - concentrated (0-15 °)
D   - deep (0-30 °, 180-150 °)
D   - the cosine (0-35 °, 180-145 °)

To summarize, we can say that when choosing lED Light   in no way can be limited to the value of one or two parameters. They all influence each other and a properly chosen lamp will always delight the eye and serve you for a long time.

The main task of any lighting device is to create lighting that corresponds to the required level. But, since the lamp consumes electric current while it costs a lot, the second important parameter when choosing is power. As far as the case of incandescent or halogen lamps is concerned, the ratio of the power and intensity of the light flux was related by simple correspondence.

But when it comes to energy-saving devices, it is necessary to take into account the peculiarity of their design.

The device of fixtures

• The source of light in the incandescent lamp is a wire conductor. Under the influence electric current   it is heated and begins to glow. The conductor is placed in a glass flask filled with an inert gas and halogens. In the design there is a fuse, which prevents the destruction of the bulb when the filament breaks.

There are a lot of variations of the device and, despite the relatively low efficiency of work and fragility, they are unlikely to leave the market in the near future. The fact is that such a luminaire is insensitive to voltage drops, which is very advantageous from modern perfect devices, sensitive to this indicator.

• LED lamps have a fundamentally different structure. Here, the filament is a semiconductor that generates optical radiation when an electric current is passed. The color of the light flux - red, blue, is determined by the chemical composition of the LEDs. To get white light, the lamp combines different light-emitting diodes and installs light filters.

The power of the luminous flux is much higher than that of an incandescent lamp, as is the longevity. However, this device also has its weak point - control gear. The point is that for a semiconductor we need d.C., while the electrical network supplies the variable. And converters, the more qualitative, the more dependent on the quality of the initial current. In the photo - LED lamp.

Basic concepts

For the familiar lighting devices   The power consumption is equivalent to the intensity of the light flux. But as soon as the lamps began to improve, the direct dependence began to change. And now the main characteristic is the power of the light flux.

This value corresponds to the amount of light energy in the measured light flux. The unit of measurement is lumen. This characteristic precisely indicates what level of illumination will be when installing the LED lamp or any other with the specified value.

The correspondence between the power consumption, i.e., the amount of electric current that is necessary for the operation of the device, and the intensity of the light flux for different devices is different.

The ratio of the quantities

Power Match lED Light Bulbs and energy-saving to incandescent lamps are approximately treated as 1:10, which is incorrect. Firstly, the bulb on such devices is matte, since light in a powerful diode device   dazzling and resembles welding. And, therefore, the intensity of the light flux that enters the room is reduced by 20%. Secondly, approximately 1W is required to ensure the operation of the electronic driver.

The correspondence table is as follows.

A simple comparison of the values ​​demonstrates the economy of LED lamps: at the same level of light output, they consume 7 times less electric current. However, when replacing conventional appliances   LEDs need to consider several other factors.

The semiconductor generates directional radiation, which is why it is considered the best option for street lighting: the entire luminous flux is directed to the sidewalk and road, and not to the surrounding air. However, when lighting a room, this feature is not always useful. Manufacturers for home appliances offer products in which diodes form a pyramid or even a cylinder: here the lighting will be most uniform.

The longevity of the device is determined not so much by the quality of the semiconductor - it is extremely difficult to destroy it, how much is the operating time of the ballast equipment. And the last voltage drop or low voltage   does not like and can break down long before the expiration of the specified period.

The increase in prices for electricity makes you save money where you did not even think about spending before. For example, the mass was replaced by incandescent lamps. There are much more economical light sources - luminescent and LED. But how to decide what to put - energy-saving or LED lamps? To make a decision, we need to compare their characteristics. And it's better to do it objectively.

Which are more economical

The name "energy-saving" has got accustomed to us in relation to compact fluorescent lamps (KKL). At the time of their widespread distribution, they were the most economical. Especially if we compare them with conventional lamps   incandescent - the housekeeper consume 3-4 times less energy. Later, LED light sources were "promoted". They consume even less electricity, which means they are the most economical.

To see the difference, look at the table. It shows the power consumption of LED, fluorescent lamps and those familiar to us with a tungsten filament. They all have the same (or almost) luminous flux, but as you can see, the power consumption is very different. The 3 W LED bulb is equal to the light power of energy-saving by 7 W or to the incandescence by 20 W. Diode lamp   at 5 watts will replace a 12-13 watt "housekeeper" or 40 watt filament. These are averaged data, since the indicators vary slightly for different manufacturers, but, in general, the proportions remain.

It is easy to say energy saving or LED lamps are the most economical. But this is not all the advantages of LED technology. About them we will talk further (as well as about drawbacks, however).

Life time

If we talk about the service life, then the average for energy-saving, on average - 10 000 hours. LEDs have this indicator higher: an average of 30,000 hours, but there are manufacturers' requests for 50-60 thousand hours of operation.

Like and here in the leaders of LED-lamps, but there is one nuance. Both technologies have quite a significant drawback: over time, they gradually reduce the intensity of the glow. There is a so-called "burnout". In this regard, it is necessary to focus not on the declared time of work, but on the warranty period. It more accurately displays the actual position. After all, if something happens with the lamp at this time, the manufacturer will have to replace the device with a new one. The less often such cases occur, the better. That's why the manufacturers are inclined to underestimate the warranty period, as they bear financial responsibility.

And if you compare energy-saving and LED lamps for the warranty period, there is also a difference. LEDs have an average indicator of 3 years, and an economist has 1 year. There is more / less, but this is particular. So here, comparing, energy-saving or LED lamps are better, the best is obtained by LED technology.

Dimensions and appearance

Everyone knows the type and size of energy-saving lamps. This tube is twisted into a complex spiral with a phosphor. The most compact can fit into the plafond of medium size, but in most cases they stick out of ordinary lamps, and with built-in look generally "not so hot."

LED lamps can be very small. The crystal for three wool can be made in the form of a circle with a diameter of 1.5-2 cm. And this is the equivalent of energy saving at 7 W, which at a minimum has a size of 32 * 79 mm. Such miniature sizes of light-emitting diodes allow to make recessed fixtures of very small thickness - 2 sm and less. And this is with the heat sink for removing the heat that the LEDs emit when working. Such small sizes allow them to be built into furniture or to lower hanging and stretch ceiling   on a very insignificant height.

If we talk about a more familiar format - with a bulb, the shape and dimensions of the bulb can be completely different. This part is not necessary - the LED does not require a vacuum or a certain gas environment. So it is, rather, a tribute to tradition. There are bezkolbovye lamps, which are called "corn" for a characteristic appearance. Their service life is determined by the quality of the LEDs, and not by the integrity of the shell, which, in fact, is not. You can even assemble lighting in general from individual LEDs on a metal plate-radiator or even without it. In general, both the size and appearance of LED lamps can be different. And then, deciding what is better energy-saving or LED lamps, we certainly come to the conclusion that LED fixtures are better - they can be practically invisible, can have any shape and size.

Convenience and safety of use

Everyone knows that in fluorescent tubes in tubes filled with a phosphor, which begins to glow when certain conditions. It takes some time to create these conditions. Sometimes it is almost not noticeable, and sometimes the delay after turning on can be a second or even a little more. This is not the most pleasant phenomenon that one has to tolerate. LED lamps light up immediately after applying voltage. In this they are certainly better.

Today, more and more often they try to make lighting with the possibility of changing the intensity of light. This is achieved either by a complicated circuit with a large number of switches, or - a small device that allows you to smoothly change the level of glow. But the fact is that not all lamps can work together with a dimmer. Energy-saving can not. They need a certain level of voltage and its shape, and the dimmer just forms and distorts. But some LED lights can work with this device. Simply when choosing LED lamps, look for dimmable. This ability is indicated in technical characteristics. Minus - these light sources with equal characteristics are more expensive.

Another point in favor of LED lamps. Their bulb (if any) is made of impact-resistant plastic. Energy-saving luminescent - from glass. And the damage to the tube is fatal - the light source stops working. In addition, some (cheap) housekeepers contain mercury vapor, so that a damaged glass tube with a phosphor can seriously damage health. From here also there are difficulties with recycling - the special enterprises on processing of similar lighting devices are necessary.

And the last moment regarding the convenience of operation - neither the incandescent lamp nor the luminescent can be restored after the failure is impossible. If damaged, they completely lose their efficiency. LED lamps usually consist of a number of crystals located on the body. If one or several crystals fail, the light flux decreases, but the light is still radiated, though in a smaller amount. In addition, if desired, and you can replace the burned elements, restoring the previous brightness.

So, when deciding energy-saving or LED lamps are better for ease of use, we see that LED lights are more practical and safe.

Prices and yet what is better ...

Everyone knows that LED lamps are more expensive. This is perhaps the only point on which ahead are fluorescent lamps. But today the difference in price is not so great as before. They are almost equal. If we take, for example, light sources of the same manufacturer with the same equivalent (or almost identical) with respect to incandescent lamps, then the prices are almost identical.

Here so even the LED price is lower. True, the color temperature is different ...

For example, the lamp company Camelion (Hamelion). Powersave lamp   - LH15-FS-T2-M / 864 / E14 is the equivalent of a 75 W incandescent lamp, costs 160-225 rubles.LED lamp - Camelion LED8-C35 / 830 / E27 (also equivalent to 75 W incandescent) - 170-230 rubles. Both series are basic, without special "bells and whistles", and if you take into account the energy savings (8 W vs. 15 W) and the service life (10,000 hours and 30,000 hours) and all the other "buns", then even the question "what is better energy-saving or LED lamps "does not arise. The solution is probably unambiguous - more economical, easy to use and durable LED. It is best to install them in place of incandescent lamps.

But in the press and the Internet a lot has appeared recently about the fact that the LEDs are harmful - they radiate a harmful spectrum and flicker. As for the spectrum of confirmed data, there is no, but flicker, flicker and luminescent. But they flicker always, and the LEDs are without pulsations, they just cost much more. In general, the decision is yours.

The main advantage of LED light sources is a significant saving of energy resources. Get tangible and desired results can be, using products online store "Light".

Becoming already familiar to many energy-saving fluorescent lamps gradually disappear into the past. In place of lighting equipment of a fundamentally new type comes with different light and quality characteristics. Modern LED light sources have a whole host of advantages over their predecessors. This concerns light output, energy consumption, service life, environmental friendliness, fire and mechanical safety. To the "minuses", hampering their implementation, one can attribute the higher cost and conservatism of some part of the population.

To overcome doubts, it is enough to turn to table of conformity of capacities of light-emitting diode lamps   characteristics of previous generation light sources.

Table comparing characteristics of lamps: incandescent, halogen, energy-saving and LED lamps

The table of correspondence of the light output of energy-saving (fluorescent) lamps and incandescent lamps corresponds to

LED and incandescent

It should be noted that the tabulated figures are averaged and may differ for specific products. Nevertheless, the conclusions are unambiguous. Traditional, but morally obsolete, uneconomical light bulbs are losing considerably. The given table of matching the power of LED lamps, even with the inevitable error, convincingly proves the advantages of the new generation systems. To this should be added and a long service life, due to their constructive features and ensuring a quick and repeated payback. Analysis of tabular data, simple calculations show: the present and the future - behind the LEDs!