Compare the illuminance of incandescent and LED lights. Selection by technical parameters. Type of cap and the presence of a radiator

Filament lamps are used for a very long period of time, and LED analogs are widely available not so long ago (more than a dozen years). Therefore, today many people wonder which of the types of light sources are better / more efficient / more profitable to use? To answer this question, make a comparison of the parameters of the main parameters (power, brightness).

Differences in construction and operation principle

All the advantages and disadvantages of both variants (incandescent lamps, LED analogs) are due to their design features. The first of these options is characterized by the simplicity of the device and the principle of functioning. So, the design includes: a glass bulb, a glow body (tungsten filament), holders, a plinth.

The basis of the work is to heat the filament to high temperatures, which leads to the appearance of light radiation. One of the features of lamps of this type is the transformation electric power  in the thermal equivalent, which significantly reduces the efficiency.

On the contrary, LED light sources are characterized by a more complex design. The main nodes: built-in driver, stabilizing the electrical parameters of the supply source; cap (threaded or pin, which is determined by the model of the lighting element); light-emitting diodes in different quantities.

The principle of operation of this type of lighting elements is the conversion of electrical energy into a light equivalent. Such lamps can be connected to a power source of 12 or 220 V. The second option requires the installation of an integrated driver, since the diode version must be powered by a direct current source.

Comparison of the main parameters

Define for yourself best option  lighting element can only be accomplished by comparative analysis technical specifications  both types.

First, the incandescent lamp will be considered:

• power can vary from 15 to 200 watts, which affects the efficiency and determines the intended purpose of the light source;
• the voltage of the supply source is 220-240 V;
• the color temperature usually ranges from 2,700 to 3,200 K, the higher the value of this parameter, the shorter the life of the product;
• shade of light - warm yellow;
• luminous flux (direct dependence on power);
• lifetime (average 1 000 hours);
• angle of dispersion - 360 degrees for all versions thanks to a fully open diffuser.

LED versions are characterized by similar parameters, but with other indicators:

• power is extremely small (from several units to several tens of watts);
• power supply voltage (12 or 220 V);
• the color temperature varies within very wide limits (from 2,700 to 6,000 K and even higher, depending on the model and its intended purpose), while the product gives out warm, cold or neutral light;
• light flux at low power is equivalent to a similar parameter of a high-power filament lamp;
• duration of operation (from 30 000 to 100 000 hours), but the maximum limit is reachable only in ideal working conditions;
• the dispersion angle varies from 120 to 360 degrees, which is affected by the design of the lamp.

Comparing the above characteristics, you can see that the LED light sources by many parameters are superior to incandescent lamps.

Power Match Table

Despite the fact that each type of light source has its own set of parameters, the comparison of the two considered lighting elements is primarily based on the power of each of them.

The correspondence table looks like this:

When looking at the data provided, the most economical light source can be determined without additional calculations. No doubt, this is an LED lamp.

Review of pros and cons

Considering light sources based on diodes, one can note their economy and high efficiency, which is due to the intense light flux with the minimum power value. In addition, this performance is characterized by a very long period of operation.

Given that the lifetime of the incandescent lamp is an average of 1,000 hours, and the duration of the diode analogue is 50,000 hours (mean), it can be determined that 50 pieces can be used for a maximum period of 50,000 hours. incandescent bulbs and only one unit based on diodes.

But even the LED versions have disadvantages. First of all, high cost is one of them. When certain conditions  (intensive exploitation), we can talk about the relatively quick payback of such a purchase (2-3 years).

Both types of light source are distinguished by pleasant lighting, but unlike a filament lamp, diode designs are represented by a wider range of models with different color temperatures.

Also, it should be noted that there is no need for maintenance of light bulbs based on diodes, again, because of their long operation. However, towards the end of the operation period, such lighting elements are characterized by a significant decrease in efficiency, which is due to the natural process of degradation (crystal turbidity).

Thus, the correspondence table makes it possible to estimate the difference in the power values ​​of the considered light sources. And the comparison will not be in favor of performances with the filament.

The first LED lamps appeared on sale in 1962, and only recently was a table of LED and incandescent lamps. This is due to the fact that emitting white-glow semiconductors appeared not so long ago, and heated debates about the effectiveness of such lamps flared up with the wide spread of the Internet. The point in this issue has not yet been set, so it is worth considering the comparative characteristics of these lighting devices, making a recalculation of their parameters, and also making their own decisions about what to use at home, and whether it is necessary to radically upgrade all the lighting of their apartment.

• What is the difference
• Other options
• Automotive
• A small overview

What is the difference

The incandescent lamp, despite its seeming simplicity, is a complicated thing: eight different metals are used in its manufacture. When switching on 220 V, the tungsten filament is heated, which starts to glow. Only a small part of this radiation falls on the spectrum visible to the human eye: the most part is infrared radiation, which heats the flask.

LED sources are more complex. The principle of their work is in some features of p-n  transition, during which a photon is emitted, because electrons transfer from one energy level to another. And it is possible not with any semiconductor. However, the energy for this purpose is consumed by an order of magnitude less than for lighting devices using a filament - approximately 10-12 times. As you can see, the difference is considerable.

What you should pay attention to

When trying to compare incandescent lamps with LEDs, take into account such a value as the magnitude light flux. This is how much light this or that source gives, and it is measured in lumens. Then they make conclusions about equivalents: the incandescent lamp can be replaced with such and such an amount of LED. However, this is not true at the root. In order to obtain real data, it is necessary to use other values, namely, the illumination parameter. Its unit is luxury - the number of lumens per square meter.

Although if someone needs an equivalent table for power and light flux, it can be considered in more detail.

The difference between incandescent and LED light bulbs is clearly visible, both in terms of power and light flux: for an ordinary lamp of 20 watts, the analogue is an LED 2-3 watts, with a light flux of about 250 lm; for 40 watts the flow is almost twice as high, and for 75 W the luminous flux will be about 900 lm. In other words, if we have a 12 W diode light source, its luminous flux will correspond to a luminaire with an incandescent filament of almost 100 W.

Another parameter to consider is light output. It indicates how economical the light source is at a certain power consumption. Habitual light sources with a tungsten filament have a value of 10-22 Lm / W, and modern diode emitters can produce up to 100-150 lm / W. From this we can conclude: these lamps are much more economical than all others; if they replace the usual lighting devices, there will be a significant saving of electricity, and, of course, money.

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Other options

It is worth paying attention to the radiation spectrum of the luminaires. While the models with a tungsten spiral that are familiar to us have a spectrum close to red, it differs slightly from the diode spectrum. This is due to the principle of semiconductor emitters: the photon is a consequence of electron recombination. As a consequence, its radiation occurs in a rather narrow range, which means that the spectrum will be ruled.

As can be seen from the spectra table, lED lights, regardless of whether it is cold or warm, has a blue component in its spectrum, which is why it is not recommended to install these models in bedrooms. They will be more useful in working classrooms. Unfortunately, manufacturers do not indicate their products on the spectrum of light emitting devices, which is why consumers spoil sight to themselves and their children, not guessing about the dangers of this model.

The characteristics of two different luminaires shows: the diode radiators are more advantageous in power - such a radiator consumes electricity 10-12 times less than usual; more advantageous in terms of service life: 1 thousand hours against 30 thousand; less heated. In this case, the cap of both types of luminaire is standard, which allows you to make a replacement of one type for another without much effort.

Many of those who use diode lights, drew attention to their flicker. Of course, cheap Chinese assemblies flicker more than expensive and quality, but all lighting devices connected to the 220v 50Hz network are subject to this. For this reason, there are certain standards that should not be overstated. Requirements SANPIN: ripple should not be more than 20%.

Some measurements were made to check the flicker factor in seven different models of fixtures. Percentage means the difference in brightness change from on to off. In other words, we can say that the percentages show the amplitude of the change in brightness.

The best on / off ratio showed a diode model of 7 W: its ripple ratio was only 0.3%, which is 50 times less than its equivalent - a 60 W incandescent lamp.

Automotive

The difference of diode radiators from the usual lamps with a filament is also clearly visible in the example of 12 - volt models. Such models with a voltage of 12 volts are widely used in cars to highlight the number, interior, instrument panel. Unlike their predecessors, they are more economical without losing the brightness of the glow. If there is also a special lens to disperse the light, then there is no analogue nowhere else: the dispersion is made up to 200 degrees, and this is a great rarity.

For example, you can see the data for the T10-4LED auto lamp.

If at 12 volts there is such a low power, then the current consumed will be only 0.017 A, and this is clearly not in favor of a standard autolamp with a filament of incandescence of 12 V.

A small overview

So, whether instead of usual lighting devices to use their equivalent, everyone should decide for himself, having considered all the pros and cons. In the end, we can make some generalization in the form of a drawing, which outlines the main parameters of these two different models in general outline, and which can facilitate decision making.

Lamps for home based on LEDs are rapidly gaining popularity and pushing to the second position the filament, fluorescent and gas-discharge light sources. The reason for this is very obvious - LED lamps are completely environmentally safe, have significantly lower power consumption and longer life. It is not difficult to choose the right LED lamp for a house. To do this, it is enough to understand what an LED lamp is and to understand three important important details: technical parameters, prices and manufacturers, packaging and appearance.

What is a LED lamp?

Strange as it may be, but before choosing an LED lamp, you need to figure out what it is. The following illustration will help in this. As can be seen from the illustration, the LED lamp is a complex electronic device, consisting of several modules and many electronic components. In the compartment, all these modules create a single device, which has a number of technical parameters, which must be taken into account when choosing an economical light bulb.

Main settings

Any LED-lamp has many technical parameters, but if you consider the choice for the house, then it is enough to familiarize yourself only with the basic characteristics.

Plinth

And the first thing you should pay attention to is the type of socle. There are many kinds of them, but in residential houses and apartments most often only some of the following are used.
E27. This socle is the standard in the post-Soviet space. Therefore, in the territory of Russia and the CIS countries, lED Light Bulbs  for a house with a working voltage of 220V.
E14. It is an analog of E27, but it has a smaller diameter. Used to work with bulbs such as "candle" or "minion", which have a small diameter of the bulb and a small power. Used in small lighting or decorative structures.
G4. Designed specifically for small lamps in the MR11 case, which are used in decorative lighting.
GU 5.3. It has two male contacts, remote from each other at a distance of 5.3 mm. Most often found in halogen and LED lamps MR16.
GU 10. It is also a two-pin connection with a contact distance of 10 mm. Typically, this base is used to power kitchen hoods or built-in lamps.
G13. It is used in tubular fluorescent and LED lamps T8. It has two pins, with a distance of 13 mm between each other.
GX53. Most often installed in lamps for tension or suspended ceilings.

Power

The second parameter, which must be taken into consideration when choosing a LED lamp for a house is its power. After all, this parameter directly determines the amount of electrical energy used. Many consumers, choosing a replacement for old sources of artificial lighting, focusing specifically on this indicator. There are many graphs and tables of correspondence between the power and the light flux of different types of bulbs. LED lamps have a power several times smaller than a filament, gas discharge or fluorescent light sources. Below, for clarity, there is a graph with comparative characteristics, thanks to which it is easier to understand the ratio of power and light flux of the most common types of lamps used in houses.

  As can be seen from the graph, for example, a 100 W incandescent lamp corresponds to a 12 Watt LED bulb and 25 Watt compact fluorescent lamp  (CFL). It should be noted that any graph gives only an approximate picture of the relationship between different types of bulbs. An exact table can not be constructed for many reasons. Here are two of them:

• as a rule, each manufacturer uses its production technology;
• over time, the lamp component and production technology are improved, which affects all the technical characteristics of the final product.

Selecting a light bulb in power, it is worth remembering that the difference between the LED and the filament, with the same light flux, can vary from 7 to 10 times.

Light flow

A more important parameter, which you need to pay attention to when choosing any lamp for your home, is the light flux. Roughly speaking, the physical meaning of this characteristic is the indication of the amount of light emitted. The luminous flux is measured in lumens. Unfortunately not everything, even good manufacturers, indicate this parameter on the package. If this parameter is not specified anywhere, then, when choosing a well-known manufacturer's products, the light flux can be calculated taking into account 90-100 lumens per watt of power.

Large manufacturers do not install more efficient LEDs in LED light bulbs, since this is not rational because of the strong increase in the cost of the final product.

For example, the luminous flux of a 12 watt LED bulb for a home will be 1080-1200 lumens, which roughly corresponds to a 100 W incandescent lamp. It is worth noting that in LED bulbs with a matte bulb the light flux is less than the estimated value by about 20%.

Colorful temperature

Lamps are expressed in Kelvins and indicate a shade white light. Manufacturers produce LED light bulbs, the color temperature of which lies in the range from 1800 to 6600 Kelvin. The lower the value in Kelvin, the warmer the light, like the flame of a candle. A higher value in Kelvin indicates that the light is more natural or cold white, similar to daylight.
  Choosing lED light bulb, be sure to pay attention to the shade of its glow. If you need a bright lamp daylight, it is recommended to choose a product with a neutral white color temperature of about 4 thousand Kelvin. If the house needs to replace an old incandescent bulb, but at the same time keep a cozy warm atmosphere in the evening, then it is worth choosing an LED lamp with warm white light.

Color rendering index

Under one LED lamp, objects in the apartment can be ironed naturally, and under another one, they have absolutely no natural colors. This is connected with the color rendering indicator, which shows how naturally the surrounding objects look. The color rendition coefficient is a relative value, having a value from 0 to 100. It is denoted as CRI (from the English colour rendering index) or Ra. The higher this indicator, the better the human eye distinguishes colors and shades. The indicator of 100 CRI means that the object looks like this with a good day sunlight. It is believed that the good LED lamps for the apartment have above 75 CRI.

Angle of dispersion

The choice of LED lamps must be carried out and taking into account the dispersion angle. This parameter shows the angle at which the emitted light is scattered. If the lamp has a small angle, say 30 °, then it is like a small flashlight, in which a powerful light beam shines a long distance almost in a straight line, without illuminating nearby objects. Therefore, a light bulb with a small scattering angle for a house is not always suitable.

Dimmable

Today, many homes and apartments are equipped with simple devices to adjust the brightness of lighting - dimmers. The design of a conventional LED lamp is such that it is not able to work with a light regulator. The reason for this lies in the built-in driver, which converts AC voltage to the operating current of the LEDs. If the voltage applied to the lamp is too low, then the driver simply does not supply power to the LEDs or supplies them with interruptions, which causes a chaotic flicker. The solution to this problem is to use a modified driver. Information on the possibility of use with a light regulator is indicated on the packaging of such bulbs.

If the house plans to use the LED-lamp in a pair with a dimmer, then you must choose a light bulb with the ability to adjust the brightness.

Packaging and appearance

Much of the product itself says the packaging and the appearance of the product. And to understand how to choose the right LED lamps for the house, you need to understand this point. Packaging must contain exhaustive information, minimum such as:

• power value;
• guarantee period;
• luminous flux of the lamp;
• country of manufacture;
• type of cap;
• information about the manufacturer;
• value of color rendition and color temperature.

If the package contains only some of the listed items or does not contain them at all, then it is not recommended to choose such a lamp. Concerning appearance, then before buying it is desirable to get the lamp from the package and carefully consider. All visible elements of the lamp must be carefully mounted. In products with a transparent bulb, you should pay attention to the location and installation of LEDs. An important point to which you should pay attention is the radiator. There is an opinion that LED lamps are not heated. However, it is not. Any modern LED light bulb is designed using powerful, ultra-bright LEDs that have an efficiency factor of about 40%. The rest of the consumed energy is released on the crystal of the semiconductor element in the form of heat. Light-emitting diodes are small in size and are incapable of independently dispersing all the heat produced. To remove heat from the crystal, a heat sink system is used, without which the LED crystals will simply burn out. For this reason, when choosing a LED lamp for a house, you should pay attention to the presence of a radiator and its area. It is worth noting that a radiator with a small surface area can not dissipate heat well in a room with low convection.

If the radiator in the lamp is missing or is extremely small, it is recommended to refrain from buying such a model.

Prices and manufacturers

Expensive or cheap?

Which LED bulbs are better - cheap or expensive? To answer it, you need to consider both groups separately. Cheap lamps from China are often poor-quality products. But low price  - this is a very tempting indicator, so Chinese light bulbs for home have a huge demand.

Let's list the main shortcomings of cheap Chinese products:

• on the package are overestimated technical characteristics;
• the warranty period is small or nonexistent;
• the assembly uses poor quality parts;
• as a rule, the actual color rendering index is less than 75 CRI;
• the built-in driver produces an unstable power, thereby causing a high pulsation of the light flux;
• an inefficient heat removal system is used.

Do not believe in the numerous positive reviews about cheap Chinese products and pick up the goods according to this criterion. Some of these reviews are simply ordered and knowingly false. And the other part is written by people who are ready to put a plus only for the fact of timely delivery of the goods or for the fact that the goods are in working order. As a rule, we are not talking about technical characteristics and their correspondence to the declared indicators.

If you consider all the expensive LED lamps, then you can also find bad products, but if you choose a more expensive product, the chance to purchase a low-quality product is much lower.

Reliable manufacturers

Over the past years, some of the best quality LED lamps are produced in Europe and Russia. Their price is higher than that of cheap Chinese counterparts, but also the quality is completely at a different level. Below is a list of several brands that will help you choose products of decent quality.

• Philips;
• Feron;
• Camelion;
• Osram;
• Optogan;
• X-Flash;
• Lisma.

Products listed brands really have excellent characteristics and will serve in the house for a long time.

Video interview with an expert

The above information will help to choose a suitable LED-lamp of decent quality. But, if you have any questions or doubts, write to us in the comments below - we will certainly help.

Read the same

On LED lamps and lamps go those who are looking for new ways to save money, because replacing them conventional lamps  incandescent for both internal and internal, carries, in the words of the manufacturers of LED products, a significant reduction in electricity costs.

The content of the article on the power ratio of LED lamps

LED lamps can help in solving this problem, but one should not use them lightly. Let's try to understand the reasonableness and expediency of using LED lamps to replace other lighting sources in various applications.

Matching the power of LED lamps and incandescent lamps

What you need to know when installing LED lamps for street lighting

High Power LED Bulbs

The type of lamps that has received the most wide distribution, which is used for - is a 250W DRL. To replace it with a more economical option in the form of an LED lamp, it is necessary to choose lamps that have a base E40, and also about 30 super-bright LEDs. Their electricity needs are about 30 watts. For example, LED lamps E40 brand POWERLEDS are equipped with 28 ultra-bright LEDs at a consumption of 30 watts.

As a result, when the right selection  the ratio of the power of LED lamps to those that you replace, you can save on electricity costs by almost 12 times!

The ratio of the power of economical LED lamps

Next, let's consider in our comparison the most economical LED lamps that can be used as a replacement halogen lamps  MR16 and GU10. 50-watt "halogen" can be replaced by LED lamps, which have three ultra-bright single-watt LEDs. As a result, the power consumption when installing such a lamp can be about 3-4 W., but the savings in this case can reach up to 12.5 times.

Choice of LED bulb for indoor lighting

Conventional incandescent lamps can be replaced with LED analogues with, which also represent an excellent potential source of energy savings. This type of lamps is produced in various versions and modifications, including in the form of "ball", "candle", "candle in the wind", "pear" and many others. Only LED lamps with the shape of the ball to date, the market has a few dozen, starting the most low-power (3W), which can replace 40-watt incandescent lamps, to super-powerful 12-watt or more, which are used in the industrial sector.

The ratio of the power of a 100-watt incandescent lamp to an LED

Potential savings can be calculated by comparing 100-watt incandescent lamps with their lED equivalents. For example, take LED lamps with a base E27, which can emit a light flux of 270 to 290 lumens or more powerful versions with 600 lumens. However, they consume only 3.2 watts. With a comparison of 100 and 3.2 watts, the energy savings are almost 31.3 times!

Let's also draw the power ratio when replacing their fluorescent counterparts. Ceiling with four such lamps of 18 watts each consumes 72 watts. However, if we install their analogs in the same lamp, 8W LED lamps, then the electricity consumption will be only 32 W, which indicates a saving of 2.25 times.

In order to accurately match the LED analog for replacing your incandescent lamps or other light sources, you can use special tables that can be easily found on the Internet.

The expediency of the correct ratio when selecting and installing LED lamps in place of other lighting sources allows to achieve maximum energy savings with a sufficiently comfortable level of illumination for the eyes.

These two factors can outweigh any disadvantages of LED lamps, since even regardless of the cost of their purchase, the savings are still obvious.

LED lamps in many cases have advantages over traditional incandescent lamps. Discuss how to do it right choice  depending on the characteristics and type of cap, consider the main manufacturers and compare the prices of lamps on the market.

LED lamps for home lighting became widespread only in the late 20th century, when the first cheap blue LEDs or LEDs appeared. Since then, interest in such lamps is constantly increasing, which is due to the excess of their advantages over shortcomings and a wide range of applications. So what are they good, and how to choose the right model for the house?

Advantages and disadvantages of LED-lamps

It is common to compare LED devices with traditional incandescent lamps, although even when compared with energy-saving, more modern and technological, they have advantages in several directions.

Among the advantages of LED-lamps are:

• energy efficiency;
• low heat dissipation;
• extremely long life;
• the choice of light - warm, cold, daylight;
• ecological compatibility (in products of responsible manufacturers);
• strength;
• simple installation;
• recycling possibility.

Due to the low temperature on the base, these lamps can be installed in places where the incandescent lamp could lead to a fire. If necessary, LED-lamps can have small bulb sizes and be built into furniture, decorative panels, serve as spotlights.

It should be borne in mind that LED lamps still produce a lot of heat, but unlike their predecessors, the heat does not radiate with the light, but is directed in the opposite direction, through the LED substrate to the mounting plate. In order for the device to work for a long time and not reduce its characteristics, it is important to provide a heat sink. In high-quality lamps, an aluminum finned radiator is used, located between the bulb and the base.

  1. The plinth. 2. The LED driver. 3. The body of the bulb. 4. The radiator. 5. Block of LEDs

Disadvantages of LED lamps a little, and the main thing - the cost, which is higher than the price of incandescent lamps, but already comparable with energy-saving ones. However, given that the LED lamp can work 50 times more, this cost does not seem excessive.

Other disadvantages are not so noticeable:

• the supply of light in one direction (not always a fault);
• reduction of brightness due to LED burn-out with time;
• in low-quality lamps, there may be a "flicker", not visible to the eye, but harmful to vision;
• on the market there is a product produced by obsolete technologies - with a spectrum harmful to the retina of the eye.

In this regard, you should not buy products with indistinct marking, without specifying technical characteristics, from unknown manufacturers.

Criteria for choosing LED lamps

Choosing LED lamps for home lighting  , consider a few basic characteristics on which depends not only on the amount of electricity bill, but also on the compatibility of power grid elements, design possibilities, even people's moods.

What characteristics should you pay special attention to when buying? Let's list the main ones.

Power and recoupment

Man, accustomed to navigate the Watts, indicated on the glass of the traditional lamp, you need to look for information on the packaging about what incandescent lamp replaces the LED. Sometimes this value is indicated directly - in Watts, sometimes in percentage. In such devices, the light power can exceed the consumed 3.5-12 times, but more often the coefficient is 5-5.5.

When replacing all the lamps in the apartment, you can get substantial savings. For clarity of such savings, we made a calculation for a conditional example and compared the energy consumption for one apartment of incandescent lamps and LED. Suppose each lamp is operated for 5 hours a day, i.e. for 150 hours per month, the conversion factor of the luminosity power is an average of 5. The result of the calculation is summarized in Table 1.

Table 1. Comparison of energy costs when using LED lamps and traditional incandescent lamps.

With an average electricity price in Russia of 4.12 rubles / kWh, the savings will be about 3700 rubles per year. If we add to the energy efficiency a long service life of LED lamps that do not require, in contrast to the traditional, frequent replacement, then the savings over time will even exceed the originally high cost, and the purchase will fully justify itself.

Luminous flux as a method of determining the reliability of the manufacturer

The luminous flux is the magnitude of the radiation perceived by the human eye. For gradation, the flux is measured by photometers, the unit of measure is Lumen. When replacing traditional lamps with LEDs, look for information about the light flux, light and power consumption and check the validity of the data in Table 2.

Table 2. The ratio of light flux and light power.

If the package says that a 7.5W lamp corresponds to a light output of 60 watts, and the flow of it is 400 lumens, this is an occasion to reflect on the degree of reliability of the manufacturer. When buying a lamp, you can imagine how light it should be when the 60-watt incandescent bulb is on. If the flow is 400 lm, you will get the luminosity of a 40-watt incandescent lamp. Do not let you deceive.

Color temperature of light

LED lamps can emit light corresponding to a certain temperature, measured in Kelvin (K). Conditionally they are divided into:

• warm - 2700 K
• neutral - 4000 K;
• cold - 6500 K.

In addition to the basic shades of light, depending on the color temperature, distinguish halftones, shades of yellow and daylight. And the recommendations of both physicians and designers are similar in many respects: it is necessary to select color temperature  light depending on the destination. So, for a cabinet suitable mobilizing cold light, in the bedroom - warm, in children's lamps should not be sharply white, yellowish soft shades are better suited. The anteroom, the sanitary rooms benefit from neutral lighting, and the light in the kitchen is selected individually, depending on whether it is exclusively for cooking or the company of friends is constantly sitting out or someone is reading or engaged in the evening.

Type of socle

The cap type is important if you are replacing only the lamp, not the chandelier, sconce or floor lamp. In this case, the cap of the new lamp must match the existing lamp holder. In addition, the form depends on the purpose lighting device  and its location. There are a lot of types of socle, but for household lamps, as a rule, only a few are used:

• E27 - threaded, familiar, like most incandescent lamps;
• E14 - thin or mignon, popularly called a small socle, threaded;
• T8 - cap for a bulb in the form of a tube, set instead of fluorescent in a table and ceiling lamps;
• GU10, GU5.3, G9 - socles for spot lights  in tension and suspended ceilings, differ in the manner of installation (with a turn, without turning) and the shape of the contacts.

  Popular types of socle in LED lamps

additional characteristics

In terms of room aesthetics and design, the shape of the bulb and the angle of light scattering that is almost always fixed for LED lamps are important. The most common forms are:

• pear (traditional);
• candle;
• "A candle in the wind";
• a tube;
• "Corn" (multiple LEDs on the side surfaces of a bulb of elongated shape).

The angle of dispersion of such a flask as "corn" is comparable to traditional lamps - the light is directed in all directions. Most other socles can illuminate the space in a cone with a peak angle of up to 120 °. Some, highly directional LED lamps cover an angle of 90 °, 60 ° and even 30 °, which is especially interesting with equipment street lighting  . The illuminated area, apart from the angle of dispersion, also depends on the height of the installation of the luminaire.

If you want to be able to smoothly change the lighting in the room with the dimmer power dimmer, you need dimmable lamps. Visually, they do not differ in any way, so when you buy, look for the appropriate sign or inscription.

When purchasing lamps and dimmer, make sure that the regulator corresponds to the total power of all lamps included in the lamp. Especially it is important to remember, if your chandelier is multicolored.

An important factor in the selection is the resource, but state this parameter in different ways. Chinese manufacturers, as a rule, indicate a full theoretical resource - until the lamp is extinguished definitively, eminent ones declare an effective resource - the duration of the lamp without losing brightness. In addition, serious companies give 3-5 years warranty for LED lamps, which indirectly confirms the declared effective resource. If the warranty is not available or is not long enough (1 year), there is reason to doubt the quality of the LED lamp.

The better the heat sink is provided in the lamp, the greater the semiconductor resource

Lamps with a radiator, ribbed aluminum "glass", which removes heat from the LEDs, serve longer. When buying lamps with transparent glass, you can make sure that the radiator takes heat away from the LEDs. If the diffuser is plastic, matte, it remains to believe the seller on the floor.

Also extends the life of a single lamp installation of several less powerful LEDs in place of one more powerful one.

Manufacturers and prices

Manufacturers that do not specify their name on the packaging are likely not to care about the compliance of the declared parameters and the safety of using their product. Certified products from well-known manufacturers are certainly more expensive, but in this case you pay for the environmental friendliness of the house, for a long life, for a light that is safe for the eyesight.

Among the European manufacturers, the leaders are:

• Philips, the Netherlands is an international corporation that manufactures LED lamps since 2008. The plants are located in many countries, including China, Malaysia. Health programs. The cost of lamps is 500-2000 rubles.
• Osram, Germany - until 2013 a subsidiary of Siemens, more than a 100-year history. The prices: 400-1600 rbl.
• Foton Lighting, UK - certified in Russia products at a price of 700-1700 rubles.

Time of nameless chinese manufacturers, distributing dubious quality products through small online stores, almost gone. "Factory" China is represented in the market of LED lamps in Russia by companies:

• Camelion - the claimed characteristics correspond to the real, there are certificates of compliance, warranty - 3 g. Price of lamps: 100-450 rub.
• Selecta - a large assortment, acceptable quality. Cost of ceiling light fixtures (assembled) 1200-1300 rub.
• Estares - TM MaySun. A well-known company that sells lamps for 200-500 rubles.

Russian manufacturers of LED lamps:

• Gauss - strict quality control and implementation not only in Russia, but also for export. Cost: 400 - 2000 rubles.
• "Optogan" - a full cycle of production, own research. Price: 500-700 rub.
• CJSC "Svetlana-Optoelectronics" - provide mainly industrial and street lighting. For household use only a few models are produced, including SvetaLED® 11 W (bulb), the price is 700 rubles, and LED lamps with autonomous control, the price is 2000-2,200 rubles.