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The necessary amount of power outlets, as well as their right location, determines the comfort and comfort in the house. Modern apartments are filled with all kinds of household appliances, and if you do not take care of its correct connection, the rooms will be filled with extension cords and tees. Most of all energy is consumed by the kitchen, it is here that the overwhelming majority of equipment is located. Unfortunately, when planning modern ergonomic design of the kitchen, many people forget to plan the outline of the outlets. As a result, there are difficulties with the use of household appliances. To prevent this from happening, you need a plan for locating all the devices and, based on it, a layout of the outlets in the kitchen. Kitchen electrical outlets can be placed not only on the walls, but also table tops and working aprons. Our article will tell you where it is best to install electrical outlets in the kitchen.
For built-in appliances, the power outlet can be placed behind the walls of the furniture, the height allowed from the floor is from 3 to 60 cm. For access to the power source, holes are cut in the walls of the furniture set. One more rule of thumb is that the power outlet for the built-in appliances should be no more than 1 m from the device. Stationary technology also includes a hood, an electric outlet for it is mounted 5 cm above the top edge of the kitchen furniture. When installing the electrical outlet, the location of the ventilation duct must be taken into account - it should not block access to the network. If it is a built-in hood, it is better to place the socket inside the cabinet, closer to the side wall (so as not to interfere with the pulling pipe).
In addition to stationary devices in the kitchen there is a technique that is included from time to time. This toaster, mixer, kettle coffee maker, bread maker, etc. To connect these devices, enough to have 3-4 free outlets. They should be located in easily accessible places, for example, kitchen aprons or table-tops. Electrical outlets for lighting kitchen furniture are placed above the top line of the kitchen set. Also popular is the option of a sliding outlet block, which is mounted in the cabinet of kitchen cabinets. Unlike the electrical outlets (they should not be conspicuous), the switch must be placed in an accessible place.
When thinking about the electrical scheme of the kitchen, keep in mind that the power outlet can not be located in the following places:
- Above the sink and stove.
- In cabinets with drawers and immediately behind the body of built-in equipment.
Designation of outlets on electrical network drawings: what does the schematic image look like?
The designation of outlets on a plan or scheme is conditional. Detailed parameters (for example, height) are not specified. In the drawing, not only the symbols of the outlets and switches are necessarily included, but also junction boxes. Let's see how the circuit designates an outlet. In the drawings, you can see a schematic image of the outlet and plug socket (with or without ground). On the circuits, the electrical outlets are represented as two points at the end of the wire or in the form of a square with two points.
Details on the location and designation of sockets in the drawings
How is the electrical socket indicated in the drawing, diagram?
Laying the wiring in the room begins with the development of the project - the drawing up and approval of the wiring diagram. Conventions on construction schemes are regulated by GOST 21.614-88.
As for the designation of the outlet on electrical circuit, it is determined by GOST 21.608-84. According to this normative document, all socket Outlets are divided into:
- those that are intended for open installation;
- those that are installed in a hidden way;
- blocks consisting of a power outlet with a switch.
These types of outlets can be single-, double- or triple-pole. Two- and three-pole power supplies can have a protective contact.
The conditional designations of the sockets on the diagram are shown in the photo below. 
What is the difference in the layout and layout of the electrical wiring, and what are the features of their design?
The layout of the wiring differs from the circuit in that it displays all the features of the room, and can be linked to a scale.
First, a full layout of the apartment is drawn on paper, including living rooms, a bathroom, a kitchen and a hallway. Next on the plan are schematically outlined windows, doors, balcony / balcony. You can also note the location of household appliances and furniture - this will give a complete picture of the laying of the wiring.
Further, the marking of grouped power lines is made-their number depends on the area of the apartment, its layout, and the equipping with household appliances. To evenly distribute the load, the lines for electrical appliances and lighting are better divided. Then, the designation of sockets in the drawings, switches, and bulbs is made.
The image below shows an example of a wiring plan in a two-room apartment, as well as how sockets and switches are indicated on the drawings. 
Tell me, which layout of the sockets is optimal for the kitchen?
In the kitchen is often installed large-sized appliances (electric stove, refrigerator, dishwasher, cooker hood, microwave oven) - these appliances need a stationary power supply. Therefore, the question of how to locate the sockets for these appliances in the kitchen is the one answer - below.
For small appliances that are used intermittently (a toaster, a kettle, a food processor), you can use additional power sources located in the apron, or built into the countertop.
A rosette for hoods is best placed above the kitchen set. If the hood is built-in, it is better to put the power source inside the locker into which it is mounted. Also from the top you can arrange sockets for furniture lighting.
It is forbidden to place the outlet in the kitchen:
- above the sink;
- stove;
- directly behind the housing of the household appliance.
How to designate circuit breakers on building schemes?
As well as sockets, switches of light are brought in the design documentation. Let's consider how the light switch is indicated on the diagram.
The designation of the switches is governed by GOST 21.614-88 and depends on their design, operation parameters and degree of protection. The design switches are divided into single- (double or triple), two- and three-pole. There are also separate indications for open and closed installation, models with different degrees of protection.
This GOST also defines the designations for switches - electromechanical devices, which are used to connect / disconnect electrical circuits. 
Are there rules that regulate the number and placement of outlets in the house or apartment?
There are no clear rules governing the location of the sockets in an apartment or a private house. In SP 31-110 of 2003 it is recommended to install switches on the side of the door handle. For convenient use of the source of electricity, it should not be more than 1 m from the floor. Installation of sockets under the ceiling is allowed in the event that they are controlled using a cord.
For safety reasons, the socket must be located 0.5 m from the gas pipeline and 0.6 m from the sink, sink, shower.
How and where to place the sockets in the apartment depends on the purpose of the room. In the corridor, one outlet in the corner near the plinth is enough to recharge the phone. In the bathroom you can install 1-2 sockets (near the mirror and for the washing machine), in the kitchen and in the living room - 2-4 (depending on the number of household appliances). 
The necessary amount of power outlets, as well as their right location, determines the comfort and comfort in the house. Modern apartments are filled with all kinds of household appliances, and if you do not take care of its correct connection, the rooms will be filled with extension cords and tees. Most of all energy is consumed by the kitchen, it is here that the overwhelming majority of equipment is located. Unfortunately, when planning modern ergonomic design of the kitchen, many people forget to plan the outline of the outlets. As a result, there are difficulties with the use of household appliances. To prevent this from happening, you need a plan for locating all the devices and, based on it, a layout of the outlets in the kitchen. Kitchen electrical outlets can be placed not only on the walls, but also table tops and working aprons. Our article will tell you where it is best to install electrical outlets in the kitchen.
For built-in appliances, the power outlet can be placed behind the walls of the furniture, the height allowed from the floor is from 3 to 60 cm. For access to the power source, holes are cut in the walls of the furniture set. One more rule of thumb is that the power outlet for the built-in appliances should be no more than 1 m from the device. Stationary technology also includes a hood, an electric outlet for it is mounted 5 cm above the top edge of the kitchen furniture. When installing the electrical outlet, the location of the ventilation duct must be taken into account - it should not block access to the network. If it is a built-in hood, it is better to place the socket inside the cabinet, closer to the side wall (so as not to interfere with the pulling pipe).
In addition to stationary devices in the kitchen there is a technique that is included from time to time. This toaster, mixer, kettle coffee maker, bread maker, etc. To connect these devices, enough to have 3-4 free outlets. They should be located in easily accessible places, for example, kitchen aprons or table-tops. Electrical outlets for lighting kitchen furniture are placed above the top line of the kitchen set. Also popular is the option of a sliding outlet block, which is mounted in the cabinet of kitchen cabinets. Unlike the electrical outlets (they should not be conspicuous), the switch must be placed in an accessible place.
When thinking about the electrical scheme of the kitchen, keep in mind that the power outlet can not be located in the following places:
- Above the sink and stove.
- In cabinets with drawers and immediately behind the body of built-in equipment.
Designation of outlets on electrical network drawings: what does the schematic image look like?
The designation of outlets on a plan or scheme is conditional. Detailed parameters (for example, height) are not specified. In the drawing, not only the symbols of the sockets and switches, but also the junction boxes, are necessarily included. Let's see how the circuit designates an outlet. In the drawings, you can see a schematic image of the outlet and plug socket (with or without ground). On the circuits, the electrical outlets are represented as two points at the end of the wire or in the form of a square with two points.Details on the location and designation of sockets in the drawings
How is the electrical socket indicated in the drawing, diagram?
Laying the wiring in the room begins with the development of the project - the drawing up and approval of the wiring diagram. The symbols on the building diagrams are governed by GOST 21.614-88.
As for the designation of the socket on the electrical circuit, it is determined by GOST 21.608-84. According to this normative document, all plug sockets are divided into:
- those that are intended for open installation;
- those that are installed in a hidden way;
- blocks consisting of a power outlet with a switch.
These types of outlets can be single-, double- or triple-pole. Two- and three-pole power supplies can have a protective contact.
The conditional designations of the sockets on the diagram are shown in the photo below. 
What is the difference in the layout and layout of the electrical wiring, and what are the features of their design?
The layout of the wiring differs from the circuit in that it displays all the features of the room, and can be linked to a scale.
First, a full layout of the apartment is drawn on paper, including living rooms, a bathroom, a kitchen and a hallway. Next on the plan are schematically outlined windows, doors, balcony / balcony. You can also note the location of household appliances and furniture - this will give a complete picture of the laying of the wiring.
Further, the marking of grouped power lines is made-their number depends on the area of the apartment, its layout, and the equipping with household appliances. To evenly distribute the load, the lines for electrical appliances and lighting are better divided. Then, the designation of sockets in the drawings, switches, and bulbs is made.
The image below shows an example of a wiring plan in a two-room apartment, as well as how sockets and switches are indicated on the drawings. 
Tell me, which layout of the sockets is optimal for the kitchen?
In the kitchen is often installed large-sized appliances (electric stove, refrigerator, dishwasher, cooker hood, microwave oven) - these appliances need a stationary power supply. Therefore, the question of how to locate the sockets for these appliances in the kitchen is the one answer - below.
For small appliances that are used intermittently (a toaster, a kettle, a food processor), you can use additional power sources located in the apron, or built into the countertop.
A rosette for hoods is best placed above the kitchen set. If the hood is built-in, it is better to put the power source inside the locker into which it is mounted. Also from the top you can arrange sockets for furniture lighting.
It is forbidden to place the outlet in the kitchen:
- above the sink;
- stove;
- directly behind the housing of the household appliance.
How to designate circuit breakers on building schemes?
As well as sockets, switches of light are brought in the design documentation. Let's consider how the light switch is indicated on the diagram.
The designation of the switches is governed by GOST 21.614-88 and depends on their design, operation parameters and degree of protection. The design switches are divided into single- (double or triple), two- and three-pole. There are also separate designations for switches for open and closed installation, models with different degrees of protection.
This GOST also defines the designations for switches - electromechanical devices, which are used to connect / disconnect electrical circuits. 
Are there rules that regulate the number and placement of outlets in the house or apartment?
There are no clear rules governing the location of the sockets in an apartment or a private house. In SP 31-110 of 2003 it is recommended to install switches on the side of the door handle. For convenient use of the source of electricity, it should not be more than 1 m from the floor. Installation of sockets under the ceiling is allowed in the event that they are controlled using a cord.
For safety reasons, the socket must be located 0.5 m from the gas pipeline and 0.6 m from the sink, sink, shower.
How and where to place the sockets in the apartment depends on the purpose of the room. In the corridor, one outlet in the corner near the plinth is enough to recharge the phone. In the bathroom you can install 1-2 sockets (near the mirror and for the washing machine), in the kitchen and in the living room - 2-4 (depending on the number of household appliances). 
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Due to its specificity in the technical industry there are many schemes and drawings. A competent engineer should not only read these schemes confidently, but also be able to make them. Since there are a lot of directions in engineering, each structure has its own nuances, it was decided to standardize the principles of drawing drawings and schemes.
For simplified compilation and state standard summarized all the elements and devices in the document under the number GOST 21.614 and GOST 21.608. It also describes the rules for drawing conditionally graphic images in the drawing, including the designation of the socket on the diagram.
Causes of HBV
The abbreviation OUG stands for the designation conditionally-graphic. Due to the fact that the drawing is an official document, then it must be compiled correctly. If everything is done as it should, then this will accurately interpret the contents of the drawing. If such rules did not exist, there would be many controversial issues in the manufacture of a part or the construction of a structure.
At a time when drawings were drawn by hand, engineers tried in every possible way to simplify the drawing process. This allowed for a short time to produce design and survey documentation. In modern construction for a long time using special software for the implementation of drawings. They greatly simplify the lives of designers, but the IBMs are still relevant. In electrical engineering, all 95% of the drawings consist of only one conventional image.
In the drawing, many elements, especially in the case of building sketches of premises are taken from hundredth to five hundred. This means that the area of the premises can be reduced by a hundred or five hundred times.
At one hundredth of a scale, one centimeter on a sheet of paper is equivalent to one meter in reality. Sometimes designers need to fit on a small sheet of paper a lot of elements. To solve this problem, IUG is used. This makes it possible to arrange multi-level electrotechnical elements on a flat format.
Designation of the outlet on the scheme
When building a house or production building do not do without the installation of electrical appliances or appliances. In order to understand where to place this or that device, the builder draws attention to the designation of the socket on the electrical circuit.
The design of the section "Electrical equipment" assumes the drawing up of all necessary drawings. In the basic set of drawings for the construction of a certain floor or room includes several types of documentation. The first is a single-line diagram of the switchgear - it displays all the consumers depicted by conventional signs, the next is the plan for their placement in the room. Next comes the specification.
In civil engineering, a significant part of the conditionally graphic elements electrical outlets. The socket allows to deliver electric energy from the power station or substation to the end user.
Everyone knows that the socket is located on the wall. In the modern world, almost all devices work on electric power from the network of 220 volts. Consequently, in apartments or offices their number is rarely less than two.
Types of designation of outlets on the plans
As well as electrical equipment, the sockets come in different kinds of performance and purpose. Consequently, the designation of the socket on the circuit must be carried out in various ways. Let's consider the main types of sockets:
- bipolar - these are ordinary sockets 220 volts, which are installed in the apartments;
- three-pole - the same bipolar sockets, but with an additionally grounded conductor, they are a modern European standard;
- four-pole - the old standard, used at the voltage level in such outlets are mainly found in the industry (if necessary in low power);
- 5-pole are used for special connections of industrial equipment.
Kinds of sockets by a way of installation
In addition to the specific design, the sockets are distinguished by the installation method:
- with concealed installation (integrable into the wall);
- with an open installation (have their own body, which is attached to the bearing surface);
- with an external installation (have a protective housing with high dust and water resistance, designed for outdoor installation).
In the European system of marking of electrical equipment, depending on the degree of protection against the penetration of dust and moisture, two Latin letters IP and a two-digit number are used. The first figure means protection from penetration of third-party items, the second - from penetration of moisture. There are values from 0 to 9, the larger the digit, the better the protection.
Designation of sockets in the GOST scheme
In the norms, the designation of the socket on the circuit is clearly indicated. The socket is generally represented in the form of a semicircle with a line extending up from the circle. A dash indicates the type of outlet. One means that the socket is bipolar, two parallel features - respectively, a bipolar double.
Three features, located fan, imply that the socket is three-pole. If there is a contact with the protective conductor connected, a flat line parallel to the center of the semicircle is drawn, this is true for all outlets of an open installation.
The designation of sockets, circuit breakers on the schemes with the concealed installation is as follows: in the center of the semicircle one more feature is drawn. It is directed from the center to the dash, which indicates the number of poles of the socket. Often, such a socket just wallows in the wall. It has a low degree of protection, but due to the fact that all open conductive parts are hidden in the wall, it is completely safe.
There is also a designation of sockets, switches on circuits with a painted semicircle in. This means that we have a socket with an increased IP value. This allows you to install it outdoors, for example on the street.
Where can I find the symbol for different types of sockets?
Regulates the designation of sockets in the GOST scheme. It shows the exact size and type of the conventional symbol.
Layout scheme electrical wiring, made exactly as required by the EMS, is a guarantee of high safety of its operation. Therefore, the circuit is usually drawn up in the form of a drawing, on which the lines of the wiring and its elements in the form of sockets and switches are indicated by the line. The drawing is executed on a certain scale, where the layout of the premises is taken into account. It is for him and all are held electric installation work. As it was said above, the circuit necessarily takes into account the elements of the wiring, which have a certain graphic designation. So in this article we will disassemble the designation of the socket on the electrical circuit.
As experts say, the scheme must be able to read, therefore, every electrician is simply obliged to know what icon that stands for, that is, he must navigate in diagrams. GOSTs, which regulate the graphic images of various electrical elements, were developed back in the days of the Soviet Union. Nobody changed them, and there was no need to do it. By the way, this standard is GOST 21.614-88.
How are sockets on electrical circuits indicated?
In principle, the graphic image has limited forms, because the forms themselves are not so much. The main ones are circles, rectangles, lines, and so on. Therefore, the sockets on the diagram are indicated by these figures: whole or cut, in the singular or combined.
The general view of the outlet is a semicircle of convex type with a line protruding from it upwards. This designates a bipolar design. The icon of the socket of the bipolar double is the same semicircle with two protruding lines. See for yourself the picture below.
Such devices are manufactured with a degree of protection not higher than IP23. If there is a grounding contact in it, a horizontal line is added to the image, located below the vertical line on the convex side of the circle. Sockets of the open installation are indicated in the figure. Hidden models are schematically different from these, here is their graphic image below:
The difference is insignificant - this is a vertical line dividing the semicircle in half. In fact, the two types of outlets (hidden installation and open) in all respects are the same. And if some people have doubts about the safety of the operation of the dismantled models, it is necessary to assure that their safety is at a sufficiently high level due to the current-conducting elements of the structure. They do not allow contact with bare wires with walls. We add that models of a hidden installation with grounding, as in the case with open ones, have an additional horizontal line.
If we talk about waterproof models, then their graphic designation differs from simple ones only in that the semicircle is black. Here they are in the picture below.
They have a very high degree of protection: from IP44 to IP55. These electrical appliances can be installed in wet rooms or outdoors under canopies.
Manufacturers today offer blocks consisting of a socket and a switch. A convenient option, which allows you to save money, because in one strob can lay several wires at once. By standards such blocks can be diverse. That is, the number of outlets and switches can be different. Here are three such positions:
- This is a more complex design, which includes: one outlet, one single-key switch, one double-switch. Socket with grounding.
