What is a turn relay and how to repair it? LEDs in turns! and how to deal with the relay turns

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With such a tremendously high rhythm of movement, the behavior of each individual motorist in a stream of cars should be as predictable and understandable as the rest. Here it is important not only the ability to drive a car, to give the necessary signals in time, but also the technical condition of the light-signaling systems. This is especially felt when driving on cars of the old model, for example, on the VAZ 2106, the direction indicators, the dipped and main beam of which work with the help of a relay. This technique has long been discontinued, potentially problematic, which means that its owner simply must know the device and methods of repairing his car’s systems.

Keys in the scheme

If you refer to the Rules of the Road (SDA) in force in the Russian Federation, there are clear wordings regarding maneuvering. Before driving, rebuilding, changing direction, stopping, the driver of the VAZ-2106 is obliged to use direction indicators, and in case of their malfunction, give a signal with the help of hands. In conditions of poor visibility, it will also be necessary to use low-beam sources, and to increase the informational content of the dialogue between the participants of the movement, also the high beam.

Included lighting is usually enough to make the car visible on the road, but no more. If it is necessary to draw the attention of other participants of the movement to a specific detail, action, lighting should be not static, but dynamic - flashing. To implement this principle in practice, it is necessary to understand that both the headlights and the indicators are part of the unified electrical circuit of the “six”. In order for the pointers to blink, a periodic break in the power supply of the lamps is required, this is where a special remote key or relay is needed.

In the "six", most relay interrupters are located in a compact, single unit in the power bay. At the same time, the electronic key turn signals, as well as emergency light are inside the cabin under the dashboard. Externally and technically they are of the same type, that is, there should be no problems with interchangeability. The main tasks of these components of the scheme are:

• electricity supply of lighting lamps and direction indicators;
• intermittent interruption of the circuit, creating the effect of blinking lights;
• sound signal in the form of characteristic clicks that accompany the interruption and flashing.

The performance of all necessary functions is possible thanks to the device of the relay itself, which has two groups of contacts. Some are stationary, while others are mobile, connected with an anchor, and through it with an electromagnetic coil. When the latter attracts contacts, they are stressed on anchors, causing characteristic clicks.

Relay Interrupter Malfunctions

Malfunctions in the relay turn signals or dipped / main beam in the VAZ 2106 are quite rare. These mechanisms are fairly reliable, but, being part of the overall electrical circuit of a car, they are not insured against such problems as overvoltage, breakdown, etc. In fact, products are not repairable - it is practically impossible to repair damage to the coil or contacts. In other words, when a defect is detected, malfunctions, the mechanisms are simply changed to similar ones, selecting them by catalog number:

• 231.3747-10 (11) or 23.3747-10 (11) for the relay-turn interrupter;
• for the relay-lighting breaker - 113.3747-10 (11) or 90.3747-10 (11).

The number at the end of the designation indicates the performance of the device case: the 10th modification is equipped with a mounting flange, and in the 11th it is missing, which is compensated by the increased dimensions of the case. Also, when choosing electronic relay breakers, it should be remembered that the rotary models are compatible with the relay alarm units, and the lighting ones - with devices for switching on the fan engine, horn, and the rear window plate heater. A malfunction of the relay unit may be indicated by problems in the operation of the lamps it controls because it is impossible to close the circuit or, on the contrary, open it.

For rotary relays, characteristic signs of a malfunction may be flashing too fast or slow, as well as the absence of clicks. But the rapid flashing of the control light on the dashboard indicates a burnout in the headlamp, not the relay itself.

Recently, the use of LED car lamps. They are more durable and consume less current. The latter just affects the operation of the relay turns, changing its frequency. The frequency of operation of the relay is tied to the load resistance, that is, to the installed lamps. With an increase in load resistance, which is exactly what happens when one of the lamps blows or opens, the relay starts to operate most frequently. The same effect is observed when installing the LEDs in the direction indicators, as their power consumption is less, which means the resistance is much more.

Having studied the material of this article, you will be able to modify the staffing relay indicators for LEDs, so that it works with the desired frequency.

First of all, a little about the regular relay. The relay of turn indicators 3 contact about which speech will go is established on cars since VAZ 2108 on the present, that is on VAZ 2109, 2110, 2111, 2112, Lada Priora, Lada Kalina, cars GAS. Marking 495.3747-XX.

To finalize the relay will need to open the case. To do this, take a flat-blade screwdriver and remove the cover of the case by pulling the plastic of the latches on two opposite sides.

Now let's see what in this scheme is responsible for and how we change the work so that when the load is increased, the frequency of operation of the direction indicators does not change. The first is the connection. Conclusion 31 is connected to the mass. 49a - output to the lamp, 49 - input "+" from the turn indicator switch.

R3 - limiting current resistor to the control base of the transistor in the chip; R1 and C11 - these are the radio elements and are responsible for the frequency of the output signal from the leg 3 of the chip. From leg 3 is powered by a winding relay; Conclusion 7 is also an interesting conclusion. Conclusion controlling the change in resistance and, accordingly, the voltage on the contact 49 a. It is he who gives the chip command to change the frequency when the lamps burn out. Chips can stand not only indicated on the scheme, but also for example, KR1055GP1B, etc. analogs.

Now, presenting the functionality of the elements of the relay, it is easy to determine the measures for maintaining the frequency of operation of the direction indicators when their internal resistance changes, that is, for example, when LEDs are installed.

It is possible to change the capacity of the capacitor, to double it (replacing with a 4.7 microfarad capacitor instead of 2.2 microfarad - in the photo the capacitance is increased due to parallel connection additional capacitor to the standard), but at the same time there is incorrect operation of the alarm.

It will operate at a frequency twice as low. The variant with a change in resistance is also not entirely successful. Since, in fact, it is necessary to select a resistor limiting current to pin 4 by empirical means, this is also not a good option.

The scheme of inclusion of the relay turns 495.3747

It remains the last and perhaps the best way. In fact, remove the control of the load resistance. Cut the foil into printed circuit board  (red line) going to pin 7 of the microcircuit, we get a frequency-stable triggering of the direction indicators.

The only drawback of such a refinement of the relay for LEDs will be the lack of control of blown LEDs, since we have actually removed the frequency dependence on the load resistance.

Used materials site: autosecret.net

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A turn indicator repeater is often able to prevent an accident that is imminently impending because of the misunderstanding of the two drivers on the road. This lighting device should work in a certain way, and what is needed for this, we just consider.

What is the turn signal breaker for?

Driving instructions indicate that each driver, planning to perform a particular maneuver, is obliged to notify the other drivers about their intentions. Sometime in the distant past, when cars were still a wonder, such notifications were submitted with the left hand (when driving right). If the arm was extended, it meant the driver’s desire to turn left when she was bent and her fingers pointing upward - to the right.

With the increase in the number of cars, traffic regulations were improved and, not only facilitating movement in the dark or in conditions of reduced visibility, but also signaling to other participants that traffic was changed or suspended.

The cars began to be equipped with turn signals, which had to throb to attract attention. In order for the devices not to shine constantly, but periodically blink, a small device was invented, which later became known as a pointer interrupter or rotary relay. Despite the rather large presence of the varieties of the above-mentioned device, their functions are similar: they give a pulsating pulse to the turn signal lamps and signalize that they are turned on.

Types of breakers and their features

Modern rotary relays are mainly divided into two types: thermoelectromagnetic and electronic. Each device has its own advantages and disadvantages, and this will be discussed. Thermoelectromagnetic relays contain a core with two contact groups and side arcs. In addition, they have a copper wire winding. The contacts leading to the light bulbs are connected to a thin nichrome wire, and that, in turn, to the plate, which is closed to the core.

In the normal state, when the current does not go to the circuit, the plate does not adjoin its base. When the electrons begin to move, the nichrome wire heats up, lengthens and closes the core plate. The lights turn on. After the nichrome is cooling down, the plate leaves again, the current changes direction, and the light bulbs are full. Since the process of cooling-heating occurs fairly quickly, 1–2 times per second, the turn signals flash. Since the light bulb located on the instrument panel is connected to the circuit, it also begins to pulsate. The specific click of the interrupter is the result of cyclic shocks of anchors on the contacts.

A relay of this type was installed on all cars for quite a long time, but it had (and has) a significant drawback. Over time, the wire from nichrome is drawn out, and the turn indicators no longer work. In addition, there is another point. If one of the bulbs burns out, the load on the others increases significantly. In recent years, thermoelectric relays are almost no longer installed on cars. They were replaced by more reliable electronic breakers.

Electronic relay direction indicators are built on the same principle as the thermal, but instead of wire from nichrome here is valid electronic circuit  from transistors. The control chip incorporates an algorithm, due to which automatic pulses are produced, at certain times, supplying current to the core winding. The operation of the device itself is concluded in the following: after the voltage is supplied to the transistors, the frequency pulses go from them, which have those oscillations that are set by the program in the microchip. Passing through the circuit, the current attracts the armature, closing the contacts leading to the lighting devices, causing the lights to light up. Since the cycle consists of signals of different frequency, they then work in full heat, then grow dull.

The advantage of electronic interrupters is that they are more reliable than thermal ones. In addition, if one of the bulbs in the circuit burns out, the others work further without unnecessary load. True, in some cars the circuit is designed so that in this case the control lamp on the instrument panel stops flashing. This is done specifically to further signal a malfunction. True, its disadvantages are here. First of all, such a relay creates interference and can affect the operation of many devices. The second negative factor is protection from short circuit  here is very weak, and at the slightest difference electrical voltage  the breaker can easily burn out.

If the turn signal repeaters do not work…

No matter how reliable the devices responsible for the control lighting fixturesbut they are also devoid of perfection. Malfunctions still happen, and in some circumstances the consequences will be disappointing. Therefore, we must be very careful about the slightest damage, especially related to external alarm devices.

You can learn about the failure by the characteristic features: as already mentioned, this is a constantly burning control lamp on the instrument panel, the absence of characteristic clicks when turning the turn signals. The action algorithm is known to any driver: first, the fuses are checked, then the presence of current in the circuit, and, finally, the relay itself is checked. The latest trend in the automotive industry is turn signals embedded in the side mirrors.

Although they perform a duplicating role, they serve as a supplement to other directional signaling devices, but their “silence” is also rather unpleasant. In rare cases, when the bulbs are off, it is also worth checking the electrical circuit, making sure that the wires leading to the mirrors are not frayed. Even motorists familiar with electronics do not undertake to repair this device. An interrupter is not such an expensive pleasure, and therefore its replacement will be the most acceptable action in case of failure.

Interrupter Relay, LEDs and Horn

Recently, in many cars as lighting elements in turn signals have been used. Attempts by our "craftsmen" just to change them for light bulbs come to nothing. Many are completely unaware of how the relay itself functions, and have absolutely no idea that it needs a little additional refinement.

The one who is familiar with radio electronics and has experience in assembling radio devices knows what to do - you need to solder a small electronic board into the interrupter, the circuit of which is available on the world wide web. If you do not have the skills to communicate with semiconductors, then if you want to use LEDs instead of ordinary light bulbs, it is best to contact a car service specialist.

    Another interesting decision today can be called a sound module for the turn signal. In this case, instead of the measured clicks, there will be other signals. Some craftsmen construct the buzzer on their own, the scheme is quite simple, and the components are not difficult to find. The main thing - to properly close it into a chain. There are, of course, commercial versions, with such an acquisition you can also customize the type of backup signaling of turn signals. In most new cars, the sound breaker comes as part of the basic configuration.

Fig. 1. Circuits for turning on the relay-interrupters of the direction indicators and the location of the plugs on the connecting block:

a - PC57; b - PC950; in - the location of the plugs on the connecting block;

1 - indicator switch; 2 - lamp front lamp; 3 - side turn indicator lamp; 4 - rear lamp lamp; 5 - string; 6 - additional resistor; 7 - anchor; 8 - contacts; 9 - core; 10 - additional anchor; 11 - winding; 12 - metal casing; 13 - insulation panel; 14 - a control lamp; 15 - battery; 16 - alarm switch; CT and KP - plugs on control lamps; LT, LP, PT and PP - plugs on signal lamps; LB and PB - plugs on the direction indicator; “+” - conclusions on the turn switch; P - output to the power source.

The RS57 direction indicator breaker is designed to receive a flashing light when the vehicle is turning. The relay-breaker is connected in series in the circuit of the lamps signaling turns. Electrical circuit The PC57 interrupter relay is shown in Fig. 1, a. A winding 11 is wound on the core 9 of the breaker. Two armatures are attached to the core: a steel spring 7 and an additional 10. At the free ends of both anchors and on the brackets there are contacts. The nichrome wire (string) 5 is welded to the free end of the anchor 7, the second end of which is fixed in the insulator. An additional resistor 6 with a resistance of 18 Ohms is connected in series with the string. The relay-breaker mechanism is mounted on the insulation panel 13 and is covered with a metal casing 12. On the panel there are three clips: B, SL and CL.

When the switch-turn relay breaker is turned on, the current enters the clamp passes through the core 9, the armature 7, the string 5, the 6U resistor, the winding 11 to the terminal CL and then goes to the front lamps and rear lights  and a side indicator lamp. In this case, the filaments of the lamps are not fully heated, since a resistor 6 is connected to the circuit. When current passes through the winding 11, a magnetic field is created in the core 9, under the action of which the armature 7 is attracted to the core. String 5 with the passage of current through it heats up, lengthens, and contacts 8 are closed. In this case, the resistor 6 is turned off, and the filaments of the lamps are glowing with full heat until the string cools and opens the contacts. The resistor 6 is again included in the circuit, and the process repeats until the lever of the switch-turn indicators is turned off.

Simultaneously with the anchor 7, an additional anchor 10 is attracted to the core, as a result of which the current flows to the control lamp 14 direction indicators located in the instrument cluster.

The relay-breaker is regulated by a screw located on the insulation panel. When screwing in the screw, the tension of the string increases, as a result of which the opening of the contacts is accelerated and the flashing frequency of the lamps increases. To reduce the frequency of flashes, the adjustment screw is unscrewed. The flashing frequency of the lamps in a working breaker should be within 90 ± 30 cycles per minute.

The PC57 interrupter is designed to switch on two 21-watt lamps each and a single lamp about 1.0 watts. In this case, the normal frequency of flashes is ensured (90 ± 30 cycles per minute). In the case of using different power lamps or one of the lamps burning out, the blinking frequency changes, which is a disadvantage of the PC57 interrupter.

The use of electronic devices made it possible to create a turn signal interrupter, free from the indicated drawback, which makes it possible to use it in the alarm mode, when all the warning lights of the car and trailer are on.

PC950 Indicator Lamp Relay Interrupter

The relay interrupter of the lamps of the direction indicators PC950 (PC951) is intended for use in the 12 V electrical circuit, and the PC951 breaker is in the 24 V electrical circuit. Schematic diagrams, construction and connection scheme of these two interrupter relays  are identical, with the exception of some nominal values ​​of resistance of resistors and winding data of electromagnetic relays. The relay-interrupter provides intermittent light signals from the direction indicators of the vehicle and the trailer, the alarm state of the emergency condition when all the direction indicators are turned on at the same time, as well as separate monitoring of the condition of the lamps of the vehicle and the trailer when the direction indicators are on (see Fig. 1, b).

All elements of the relay-interrupter are mounted on a common PCB and are enclosed in a plastic dust cover. To connect to the electrical system of the car on the lid there are two plug-in pads: eight-pin for the car and four-pin for the trailer. The relay-breaker consists of a driver - a generator of current pulses of the required frequency and duration; the actuator - the electromagnetic relay K1, the switching current of the turn signal lamps and side repeaters; health monitoring relay K2 warning lights  car and short circuit relay control signal lamps trailer. Metal-ceramic contacts of relay K1 commute a current of up to 30 A, achieved at the time of switching on the lamps.

In the initial state, when the turn indicators and the alarm signaling are not turned on, the transistor VT1 is closed, since the emitter and base through the resistors R2, R1 and R5, R4 are supplied with a blocking voltage, while the bipolar transistors VT2 and VT5 are also closed, the winding of the relay K1 it is de-energized and its contacts are open.

When turned on with the turn signal switch or the VK422 alarm switch, the capacitor C1 is charged. At the same time, the resistor R6 of the winding of the relay K2 and KZ and the cold threads of the indicator lamps are connected through the diode VD3. This causes a decrease in the emitter potential of the transistor VT1, and the transistors VT2 and VT5 open. Through the open transistor VT5, the current enters the winding of the executive relay K1, the contacts of which are closed, and the current flows to the direction indicator lamps. Capacitor C1 begins to discharge and keeps the transistor open for some time. After the discharge of the capacitor C1, all transistors and the executive relay go into the initial state. The VT1 transistor is open for some time due to the charge of the capacitor C1, despite the resistor R6 connected in parallel with the resistor R4.

When the charge current of the capacitor decreases to a certain value C1, the transistors VT1, VT2, VT5 reopen and the cycle repeats.

The diode VD4 serves to reduce the EMF of self-induction of the winding of the relay K1, which occurs when the transistors are locked, and the diode VD6 is used for reliably closing the VT5 transistor. The diode VD7 shunts the pulses of negative polarity of the pulse generator with a sharp change in load.