Spiritual and moral education of youth as a factor in countering national extremism. Spiritual and moral aspects of countering the spread of the ideology of extremism and terrorism among young people Spiritual and moral foundations of countering terrorism

Competencies developed in the lesson: informational (the ability to analyze the relationship between genuine internationalism, religious tolerance and patriotic education as the basis for countering extremism and terrorism); communicative (the ability to present one’s point of view and defend one’s opinion in a civilized manner in the process of discussing problematic issues based on recognition of the diversity of opinions; the ability to conduct a dialogue; show respectful and tolerant attitude towards different ethnic cultures and religions).

Lesson format: round table on the topic “Spiritual and moral foundations of countering terrorism.”

Guidelines
The form of the seminar lesson involves students independently preparing reports and electronic presentations on the main issues of the seminar lesson. Four keynote speakers are assigned at the beginning of class, with the remaining students serving as co-presenters to complement the keynote speakers. During the round table, questions, objections, and participation in the discussion of reports are welcome. At the end of the lesson, the results of the round table are summed up, the main conclusions are formulated, and the work of all students is assessed.
When preparing and conducting a seminar lesson, it is necessary, in addition to disclosing the main issues of the seminar lesson plan, to complete tasks to control the mastery of competencies and prepare to defend the abstract.
Each speaker prepares a speech using a presentation.
Presentation structure
1st slide – title of the speech, author;
2nd slide – relevance of the topic of the speech;
3rd, 4th, 5th slides – main ideas of the speech;
6th, 7th, 8th slides – specific examples, interesting facts;
9th, 10th slides – generalization and conclusions.

Directions of the round table

1. The role of the family in the spiritual revival of Russia.
2. The role of religion in the spiritual and moral revival of Russia.
3. Terrorism and extremism as illegal socio-psychological phenomena.
4. The causes of terrorism in the sphere of social relations, religious and spiritual life.
5. Politicization of Islam as one of the prerequisites for the emergence of terrorism.
6. The problem of anti-terrorist propaganda in the media.

Literature
Main
1. Lukov V.V. International terrorism: new approaches of Russian scientists (on current problems of public counteraction to terrorism). To help legislators, students, military personnel and entrepreneurs. – M.: LKI Publishing House, 2007. – 328 p.
2. Fundamentals of countering terrorism: a textbook for students of higher educational institutions / ed. I. Vishnyakova. – M.: Publishing Center “Academy”, 2006. – 240 p.
3. Emanuilov R.Ya. Terrorism and extremism under the flag of faith: religion and political violence: the problem of correlation / R.Ya. Emanuilov, A.E. Yashlavsky. – M.: Nauka, 2010. – 300 p.

Additional
1. Arbatov A.G., Pikaev A.A., Dvorkin V.Z. Nuclear terrorism: political, legal, strategic and technical aspects // World Economy and International Relations. – 2006. – No. 11. – P. 3-16.
2. Dashaev R.Kh. On the history of modern terrorism // “Black holes” in Russian legislation. – 2007. – No. 2. – P.469-471.
3. Elyakov A. Computer terrorism // World economy and international relations. – 2008. – No. 10. – P.102-105.
4. Karpov A.V. Extremism and its companion terrorism are real threats to Russian statehood / A.V. Karpov, V.V. Lomakin // National interests: priorities and security. – 2010. – No. 17. – P.50-56.
5. Malashenko A.V. Islamic alternative and Islamist project. – M.: The whole world, 2006.
6. Mirsky G.I. Islamism, transnational terrorism and Middle Eastern conflicts. – M.: Publishing house GU-HSE, 2008.
7. Ozhiganov E.N. Profile of terrorism: nature, goals and motivation // Sociological studies. – 2006. – No. 2. – P.52-57.
8. Formation of a sustainable anti-terrorist position of civil society as the basis for the prevention of terrorism: materials of the First All-Russian Scientific and Practical Conference. – M.: MTsNMO, 2009. – 512 p.

Internet resources
http://ethnonet.ru/ – “Ethno-Journal” is a scientific publication on ethnology and anthropology.
http://eurasia.iea.ras.ru/ – “Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology of the Russian Academy of Sciences.”
http://journal.iea.ras.ru/ – “Ethnographic review”.
http://xeno.sova-center.ru/ – “Owl. Nationalism and xenophobia."
http://xmir.eu.org/ – analytical review of political extremism in Russia.
www.antiterror.ru – “Russia Antiterror” – National portal for countering terrorism

Tasks to control the mastery of competencies

Categories Definitions
Spirituality
Identity
Politicization of Islam
Expansion of information
Family
Anti-terrorism propaganda
Anti-extremist guidelines
Anti-terrorism installations
2. What impact does the unresolved national and religious problems have on the formation of extremist views among young people?
3. Analyze the main factors influencing the decline in the spiritual, moral foundations of society, the cultural level and legal consciousness of the population.
4. What role do religious confessions, diasporas, and national-cultural associations have on the spiritual and moral revival of modern Russia?
5. What is the role of family education in the formation of anti-extremist and anti-terrorism attitudes in the minds of the younger generation?

SPIRITUAL AND MORAL ASPECTS OF COUNTERING THE SPREAD OF THE IDEOLOGY OF EXTREMISM AND TERRORISM AMONG YOUTH

S.I.Eventyev,

Kazan

To open up the question under investigation, us must be brought available generally accepted definitions of extremism and terrorism. According to the Russian Encyclopedic Dictionary, “Extremism (from Lat. extremus- extreme, excessive) - commitment to extreme views, methods of action (usually in politics)? definition: "extremism is a form of political activity that explicitly or subtly denies the principles of parliamentary democracy and is based on the ideology and practice of intolerance, alienation, xenophobia, anti-Semitism and ultra-nationalism." In accordance with paragraph 3 of part 1 of article 1 of the Shanghai Convention against terrorism, separatism and extremism from June 15, 2001, to which Russia joined on March 29, 2003 ., " extremism - any act aimed at the forcible seizure of power or forcible retention of power, as well as forcible change in the constitutional system of the state, as well as a violent encroachment on public safety, including the organization of illegal armed groups for the above purposes or participation in them, and prosecuted in criminal proceedings in accordance with the national legislation of the Parties." In Russia, according to Article 1 of the Federal Law “On Combating Extremist Activities” (as amended and supplemented), to extremistactivities (extremism) include: - violent change in the foundations of the constitutional system and violation of the integrity of the Russian Federation; - public justification of terrorism and other terrorist activities;

1 - Russian encyclopedic dictionary /Chief editor A.M. Prokhorov. -M.: Scientific publishing house "Big Russian Encyclopedia", 2000. - T.2. - S.1832. - 1023s. 2 - Federal Law of July 25, 2002 N 114-FZ “On Combating Extremist Activities” // Rossiyskaya Gazeta. - 2002. - N 138-139, 07/30/2002. - inciting social, racial, national or religious hatred; propaganda of exclusivity, superiority or inferiority of a person on the basis of his social, racial, national, religious or linguistic affiliation or attitude to religion; - violation of the rights, freedoms and legitimate interests of a person and citizen, depending on his social, racial, national, religious or linguistic affiliation or attitude to religion; - obstruction of citizens' exercise of their voting rights and the right to participate in a referendum or violation of the secrecy of voting, coupled with violence or the threat of its use; - obstruction of the legitimate activities of state bodies, local governments, election commissions, public and religious associations or other organizations, combined with violence or the threat of its use; - committing crimes for the reasons specified in paragraph "e" of part one of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation; - propaganda and public display of Nazi paraphernalia or symbols, or paraphernalia or symbols that are confusingly similar to Nazi paraphernalia or symbols; - public calls for the implementation of these acts or mass distribution of obviously extremist materials, as well as their production or storage for the purpose of mass distribution; - publicly knowingly falsely accusing a person holding a public office of the Russian Federation or a public office of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation of committing, during the performance of his official duties, the acts specified in this article and constituting a crime; - organization and preparation of these acts, as well as incitement to their implementation; - financing of these actions or other assistance in their organization, preparation and implementation, including through the provision of educational, printing and material and technical base, telephone and other types of communications or the provision of information services. As A.V. Rimsky and A.V. Artyukh correctly pointed out, " in law yes There are mainly legal and political characteristics of extremism in the totality of certain views, actions, and behaviors"? 1 - Rimsky A.V., Artyukh A.V. Extremism and terrorism: concept and main forms of manifestation// Scientific bulletins of Belgorod State University. Series: Philosophy. Sociology. Right. - 2009. - N 16 (71). - Volume 10. - P.244-250. V.G. Kokorev from the case l the following conclusions:" 1. The concepts of “extremism” and “terrorism” are correlated as a whole and a part, since terrorism is one of the forms of extremism.2. Signs of terrorism include:- a social phenomenon, since it is possible only in society, due to the fact that it is the object of influence;- a criminal act, as provided for by criminal law;- act in the form of physical or mental violence;- intimidation as a way of influencing society;- exerting influence in order to change the political, ideological and other situation.3. Extremism is understood as activity directed against the foundations of the constitutional order, public safety, as well as against the individual, associated with the use of violence and incitement of social, racial, national or religious hatred"? . Terror (lat. terror - fear, horror) - intimidation of the civilian population, expressed in physical violence, up to destruction." Taking into account the fact that a person is not only biological, social, but also spiritual oh personality, the following are distinguished e terror groups: I .Around a circle of people 1) Mass terror (genocide, repression, war, occupation, fascism, etc.); 2) Individual terror (murder of a political or spiritual leader, etc.). II .By territorial basis: 1) International; 2) Domestic. III. By motivation: 1) Political (state); 2) National; 3) Religious. IV .By scope

-- Spiritual terror (tyranny, repression, imposition of an alien ideology (for example, atheism), the spread of sects, lack of freedom of speech and religion, etc.); -- Moral terror (drug addiction, prostitution,pornography, alcoholism, homosexuality, distribution

1 - Kokorev V .G. Correlation of concepts: “terrorism” and “extremism”//Socio-economic phenomena and processes . - 2013. - N 1 (047) . - WITH .239-245 . 2 - Explanatory dictionary of the Russian language: About 100,000 words, terms and phraseological expressions / S.I. Ozhegov: ed. Prof. L.I. Skvortsova - 27th ed., rev. - M.: Onyx Publishing House LLC: Mir and Education Publishing House LLC, 2011. - 736 p. infectious diseases, etc.); 3) Economic terror (embargo, untimely payment of wages and benefits, wages below the subsistence level, etc.); 4) Social terror (division into classes, castes according to social status or material wealth). V .By method of execution 1) Information terrorism (disinformation, propaganda of violence, etc.); 2) Physical destruction of people (murder, terrorist attacks, etc.); 3) Spiritual and moral corruption (corruption) of the population? . Extremism and terror -this is, first of all,moral crimes. In its turn, these precise formulations of concepts must determine adequate and effectivecountermeasures Ideologies of extremism and terrorism, as well as measures to combat these moral vices. The systematic nature of the vices under consideration is largely due to the devaluation of the system of spiritual and moral values. As indicated by the author of this article, Man is the bearer of not only material rights and freedoms, but also Divine, spiritual and moral rights." Extremism and terrorism oppose and violate the human right to life, which is an integral part of the spiritual and moral rights and freedoms of man and citizen (the fourth generation of human rights). The interruption of life actually leads to the deprivation of a person not only of material rights and freedoms, but also of other fundamental Divine and spiritual-moral rights and freedoms of a person,inextricably linked with personality(the right to Love, the right to the gifts of God 1 - Eventyev S.I. Terror from the point of view of the fourth and fifth generations of human rights//Social ontology in the structures of theoretical knowledge: Materials of the V International Scientific and Practical Conference in May 2013/Under the general. edited by O.N. Bushmakina, N.B. Polyakova. - Izhevsk: Udmurt University Publishing House, 2013. - P.345-351. 2 - Eventiev S.I. Challenges of modernity: terrorism and drug addiction // Modernity and psychological and pedagogical sciences. Modernity and linguistic sciences. Modernity and jurisprudence. Collection of materials from the 1st All-Russian Scientific and Practical Internet Conference/Under the general editorship of V.S. Kurcheev and T.V. Sidorina. - Novosibirsk: TsPI - SIBPRINT Publishing House, 2010. - P.102-105. the right to spiritual and moral improvement, the right to the gifts of God, etc.)?. A terrorist always encroaches on the physical, spiritual and moral integrity of the individual. Young people are susceptible to the ideology of terrorism and extremism. L.V. Baeva characterizes youth extremism as follows:" Teenage extremism- the views and type of behavior of young people based on the cultivation of the principle of force, aggression towards others, even violence and murder. It implies intolerance towards dissidents (especially representatives of certain youth movements), as well as the desire to create a totalitarian community based on subordination. Youth extremism in Russia today is one of the consequences of a decline in the level of education and culture, citizenship and patriotism, a break in the continuity of value and moral attitudes of different generations, the criminalization of consciousness in conditions of a socio-economic crisis and political uncertainty, which had a significant impact on the formation of the values ​​of the younger generation.At the same time, the problem of youth extremism is not something unique, unique to the modern era. History shows that this is far from a new phenomenon, and extremism in general (including youth) has accompanied humanity for many centuries. If we understand extremism as an extreme form of intolerance, combined with aggression and violence as methods of expressing intransigence towards others, then many examples of such a form of behavior can be found in history (including Russia). Extremist sentiments have always been used by the authorities to solve their own problems. Rejection of dissent and the desire to exterminate it is a sign of people with a low level of culture, education, and creative abilities. The desire for aggression is characteristic of a person who is incapable of a full life filled with creativity,love, care for loved ones, etc. The desire to compensate for one’s own failures is a powerful incentive for destructive behavior.
aspirations of the individual, the desire for violence, aggression, and thereby acquiring a “significant” status in society. Power, especially in totalitarian types 1- Iventiev S.I. Divine and spiritual-moral rights and freedoms of man: monograph [Text] / S.I. Iventiev. Novosibirsk: LLC "Agency "SIBPRINT", 2012. - 357s.
society, contributes to the creation of aggressive young people of a kind of “combat units” that perform hidden functions of combating dissent towards it"? . Traditionally in science considers economic, institutional and socio-cultural factors to be the main causes of delinquency and crime, forgetting about the spiritual and moral aspect of these phenomena. As a rule, all crimes are always of a moral nature, that is, all legal crimes defined by law are moral crimes" . Unfortunately, many states are taking measures to counteract the issues under consideration. moral vices and criminal offensesdo not include the revival and cultivation of spiritual and moral values ​​in society, as well as the public consolidation of moral norms. States are mainly busy cutting off the sources of income of terrorist groups and fighting corruption, which creates favorable conditions for radical movements. Important role in the fight against extremism and terrorismplays a role in educating citizens on issues of peace-loving religions, radical sects and religions. Unfortunately, the media pays little attention to this, but is engaged in dissemination eat cult of consumption and violence. The state pays little attention to the entry of teenagers into criminal organized communities, which can be terrorist and nationalist groups. Measures to counter the spread of the ideology of extremism and terrorism among young people should additionally include the following measures. We believe that it is necessary to define the concept of “truth” at the legislative level so that it is not possible to interpret it from the point of view of extremism and radicalism, i.e. knock out the ideological component of extremism. Science needs to study issues of life after death in order to reveal the essence of extremist ideology. At the international level, it is necessary to prohibit the use of terrorist groups by the secret services of any country to carry out their tasks. 1 - Baeva L . IN .Youth extremism in modern Russia // Review. NTSTI . - 2015. - N 5.- WITH .16-22 . 2 - Eventyev S.I. Moral and legal crimes of the World // Kazan Science. - 2010. - N 7. - P. 122-125. The state regularly and on an ongoing basis needs to address the socio-economic issues of youth (training and employment, provision of housing and land, provision of children with kindergartens and schools, holiday camps, centers for children and youth, etc.). Ensuring the spiritual and moral information security of citizens is the primary task of any state. Of course, special attention should be paid to events aimed at cultivating patriotism among young people, as well as to issues of migration policy. Source data of the article: Iventyev S.I. Spiritual and moral aspects of countering the spread of the ideology of extremism and terrorism among young people // Countering the spread of the ideology of extremism and terrorism among young people: Materials of the Interregional Scientific and Practical Conference on the Prevention of Extremism (Ufa, May 24, 2017 .) / Compiled by: D.M. Abdrakhmanov, Yu.I. Malakhov, R.R. Mukhitdinova, Z.L. Sizonenko, Sh.B. Ergasheva. - Ufa: Publishing House "World of Printing", 2017. - P.108-115. ISBN 978-5-9613-0486-2

1) ensuring and protecting fundamental rights and freedoms of man and citizen;

2) legality;

3) priority of protecting the rights and legitimate interests of persons exposed to terrorist danger;

4) the inevitability of punishment for carrying out terrorist activities;

5) systematic and comprehensive use of political, informational and propaganda, socio-economic, legal, special and other measures to counter terrorism;

6) cooperation of the state with public and religious associations, international and other organizations, citizens in countering terrorism;

7) priority of measures to prevent terrorism;

8) unity of command in the management of the forces and means involved during counter-terrorism operations;

9) a combination of open and covert methods of countering terrorism;

10) confidentiality of information about special means, technical techniques, tactics for implementing measures to combat terrorism, as well as about the composition of their participants;

11) the inadmissibility of political concessions to terrorists;

12) minimization and (or) elimination of the consequences of manifestations of terrorism;

13) proportionality of counter-terrorism measures to the degree of terrorist danger.

Federal Law "On Countering Terrorism", Article 2.

Federal list of extremist materials

Article 13 of the Federal Law of July 25, 2002 No. 114-FZ “On Combating Extremist Activities”, paragraph 7 of the Regulations on the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation, approved by Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of October 13, 2004 No. 1313, the Ministry of Justice of Russia is entrusted with the functions of maintaining, publishing and posting on the Internet a federal list of extremist materials.

Information materials are recognized as extremist by the federal court at the place of their discovery, distribution or location of the organization that produced such materials, on the basis of a proposal from the prosecutor or in proceedings in the relevant case of an administrative offense, civil or criminal case.

The federal list of extremist materials is formed on the basis of copies of court decisions declaring information materials extremist received by the Russian Ministry of Justice that have entered into legal force.

At the same time, the names and individualizing characteristics of information materials are included in the federal list of extremist materials in strict accordance with the operative part of the court decision.

Appeals against court decisions recognizing information materials as extremist are carried out in the manner prescribed by the legislation of the Russian Federation. The legislation of the Russian Federation provides for liability for the production, storage or distribution of extremist materials.

Project of the publishing house "Prosveshchenie".
Series “Let's protect our world”

Ensuring security and countering terrorism is one of the most important tasks of government activity and is one of the eight priority areas for the development of science, technology and engineering in the Russian Federation.

Developing the problems of preventing xenophobia, violence, terrorism and extremism, determining ways to implement such work and searching for forms of its organization at the level of general education, when the formation and development of a person’s personality occurs, has in recent years acquired particular significance, since it depends on what value systems and what Models of behavior in the social environment will be formed among the younger generation of Russians during schooling at its different stages, which largely depends on what our society will be like and how relationships between people will be built in it in the very near future.

The goal of the project: to increase the level of culture of safe behavior of children and adolescents and to develop their ideological attitudes towards rejection of the ideology and practice of xenophobia, violence, terrorism and extremism.

The main product of the project: A series of special publications - popular science brochures that expand and complement the educational information field of the educational subject “Fundamentals of Life Safety” (Section 3 “Fundamentals of Combating Terrorism and Extremism in the Russian Federation”) and contribute to the formation of a worldview in the minds of children and youth audiences counteracting the factors spreading the ideology of xenophobia and violence, exposing false stereotypes about extremism and terrorism.

“Own” - “Alien”. Is it worth sharing?

(Let's protect our world)

The manual examines in an accessible form the phenomenon of xenophobia, its nature, and the conditions for its occurrence. The book is intended to help the reader not only understand the essence of this phenomenon, but also evaluate the behavior of themselves and those around them, forming a positive perception of various social, national, ethnic and religious groups. Each section is accompanied by small tasks for discussion with friends, family, and also for making decisions on your own. The manual is addressed to students, teachers, and anyone interested in this issue.

When you are not alone in resisting evil.
A manual for students of general education institutions.
(Let's protect our world)

The manual is devoted to an urgent problem of our time - countering terrorism - a social phenomenon that is characterized by periodically recurring terrorist acts and their negative consequences. The publication is addressed to students of middle and high school age. The manual, using specific examples, shows the falsity of the slogans of terrorists and the doom of their cause, contains advice on how to develop anti-terrorist behavior in oneself, how to act in various situations associated with terrorist acts (when taken hostage, during an explosion, etc.).

Who is encroaching on your rights and freedoms...
A manual for students of general education institutions.
(Let's protect our world)

The manual reveals the concepts of terrorism and extremism, the goals of terrorism, its signs and forms. Particular attention is paid to computer, verbal and financial terrorism. Wahhabism is examined in detail as the most dangerous and widespread form of religious and political extremism. A list of prohibited terrorist organizations is presented. The rules for countering extremism are given. The manual is addressed to students, teachers, and anyone interested in this issue.

The conceptual structure, methodological system, content, didactic apparatus and illustrative series of brochures are aimed at:

creating a culture of safety for students and instilling moral standards of behavior in them;

developing beliefs in the criminal nature of extremism and terrorism, in the immorality, cruelty, senselessness and uselessness of terrorist activities;

formation of a belief in the futility and destructiveness of the use of intimidating violence;

understanding by children and adolescents of the inevitability of punishment for carrying out terrorist activities based on an analysis of the anti-terrorism system in force in the Russian Federation;

the formation of social and personal competencies of students based on an analysis of the legislative, regulatory and legal framework for organizing the fight against extremism and terrorism in the Russian Federation;

education of law-abidingness, respectful attitude towards government officials, the rights and freedoms of all members of society;

clarification of the role of executive authorities, intelligence services and law enforcement agencies in countering terrorism, creating motivation among the civilian population to assist the state in countering terrorism;

destruction of myths glorifying terrorist and extremist activities in general, demonstrating the hypocrisy of the organizers and sponsors of terrorism, debunking their slogans and propaganda techniques;

formation of respect and correct understanding of the diversity of cultures, forms of self-expression and ways of manifesting human individuality.

When developing publication materials, the requirements of the Federal State Standard of General Education of the second generation were taken into account and modern approaches to the development of the information and educational environment of the educational subject “Fundamentals of Life Safety” were reflected.

Goals:
Educational: find out the causes of terrorism and extremism; who constitutes his social base; answer the question why radical extremist ideas have become widespread.
Developmental: develop public speaking skills through speeches prepared by students; instill independent work skills; teach children to analyze events, draw conclusions, and be able to convincingly and convincingly prove their point of view.
Educational: to develop respect for the culture of other peoples, tolerance, patriotism; cultivate a sense of rejection of violence, terrorism and extremism.

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“Fundamentals of countering terrorism and extremism.”

Objectives: Educational: to find out the causes of terrorism and extremism; who constitutes his social base; answer the question why radical extremist ideas have become widespread. Developmental: develop public speaking skills through speeches prepared by students; instill independent work skills; teach children to analyze events, draw conclusions, and be able to convincingly and convincingly prove their point of view. Educational: to develop respect for the culture of other peoples, tolerance, patriotism; cultivate a sense of rejection of violence, terrorism and extremism.

Plan. 1. The concept of terrorism and extremism. 2. The public danger of terrorism and examples of extremism. 3. Causes of terrorism and extremism. 4. Countering terrorism and extremism. 5. Structural units of internal affairs bodies also carry out preventive activities in relation to the above crimes within the limits of their competence.

1. The concept of terrorism and extremism. At the end of the 20th and beginning of the 21st century, such ugly phenomena as terrorism and extremism entered the life of young Russia. The media is full of headlines reminiscent of battlefield reports. In fact, this is how it is: terrorism has long declared war on the world. Concepts of terrorist attack, suicide bomber, suicide bomber, hostage taking, etc. have become an integral part of the modern world. Innocent people, including children, often become victims of terrorism.

The result of a social survey: 34% of citizens are afraid that they themselves or their loved ones may become victims of terrorists 47% are somewhat afraid 11% have never thought about it 8% are sure that terrorist attacks do not threaten them or their loved ones

Terrorism (from the Latin TERROR - fear, horror) is the violent actions of criminals with the aim of undermining the existing government, complicating international relations, political and economic extortion from states and corporations. Terrorism has become one of the most dangerous socio-political problems in terms of its scale, unpredictability and consequences. Today, terrorism is not only about lone saboteurs, airplane hijackers and kamikaze suicide bombers. Modern terrorism consists of powerful, ramified and well-organized structures. There are currently about 500 illegal terrorist organizations in the world.

From the explanatory dictionary. The etymology of the term “extremism” finds its roots in the Latin language, translated as “extreme” (views and measures).

Extremist activity (extremism) is: - a violent change in the foundations of the constitutional system and a violation of the integrity of the Russian Federation; - public justification of terrorism and other terrorist activities; - inciting social, racial, national or religious hatred; - propaganda of exclusivity, superiority or inferiority of a person on the basis of his social, racial, national, religious or linguistic affiliation or attitude to religion; - violation of the rights, freedoms and legitimate interests of a person and citizen, depending on his social, racial, national, religious or linguistic affiliation or attitude to religion. This definition of extremism was given in the Federal Law of July 25, 2002 No. 114 -FZ “On Combating Extremist Activities.”

2. The public danger of terrorism and examples of extremism. The most notorious terrorist attacks of the last decade: 1) September 11, 2001; 2) “Nord-Ost” - October 23-26, 2002; 3) Disco explosion on the island of Bali - October 12, 2002; 4) Seizure of the hospital in Budennovsk - January 9, 1996; 5) Explosions of residential buildings in Moscow on Guryanov Street and Kashirskoye Shosse (September 9, 13, 1999); A wave of bloody terrorism swept the world at the end of the 20th and beginning of the 21st centuries. The events of September 11, the explosions of residential buildings in Moscow, the mass hostage-taking in the theater center on Dubrovka, the direct aggression of international terrorist organizations. The counter-terrorist operation in Chechnya, which has been going on for many years, where our soldiers are dying every day... The senselessness, the madness of bloody terror is the path to hell, regardless of religion. Terrorism is always a weapon of the weak, the oppressed, incapable of acting by military means. It will exist as long as there is violence. While you can earn a lot of money on it. But terrorism clearly has no future. He only has the bloody present...

The public danger of terrorism At the turn of the 20th-21st centuries. terrorism manifested itself at a highly organized international level. Large-scale terrorist attacks occurred in many countries: in the USA - September 11, 2001 (attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon, which killed 2,749 and 184 people, respectively), in Spain - in March 2004 (a series of explosions in commuter trains in Madrid, in as a result of which 191 people were killed and more than 1,900 were injured), in the UK - in July 2005 (explosions in London, 56 dead and over 800 injured), terrorist attacks in Iraq and Afghanistan, etc.

Mass hostage-takings, explosions of residential buildings and explosions during parades and other holidays in the cities. Buinaksk, Volgodonsk, Mozdok, Moscow, in the cities of Chechnya, due to the intensification of international terrorism. Russia has also experienced large-scale attacks from international terrorism:

From September 1 to September 3, 2004, more than 1,000 children and their parents were injured as a result of the terrorist attack in Beslan.

Today, the threat of terrorist crimes in Russia does not subside. Thus, during the explosions in the Moscow metro in 2010. made us realize again that the actions of terrorists are always unexpected and are increasingly aimed at civilians.

An example of national extremism is the skinhead movement. This is one of the most widespread nationalist movements that originated in England in the 60s. The literal translation of the name of this movement means “shaved head.” The first representatives of this movement were young people from the working-class neighborhoods of London, representatives of hard manual labor, who initially advocated banning the use of cheap labor from third world countries. And in the 70s, skinheads already came out with the idea of ​​“racial purity” and “taking away jobs from emigrants who had arrived in large numbers.” This movement very quickly gained support in other countries of the world. Since the mid-90s, Russia has been swept by the “skins” movement, which exists to this day. National extremism acts under the slogans of protecting “one’s people,” their economic interests, cultural values, as a rule, to the detriment of representatives of other nationalities living in the same territory.

Religious extremism is understood as intolerance towards dissident representatives of the same or another religion. In recent years, the problem of Islamic extremism has worsened. The Wahhabi ideology, the slogan of which is “death to all infidels,” has become widespread.

Political extremism is a movement or movement against the existing constitutional order. As a rule, national or religious extremism is the basis for the emergence of political extremism. An example of political extremism is the movement of the National Bolshevik Party, whose leader is Eduard Limonov

3. Causes of terrorism and extremism. Terrorism can have a breeding ground where people are in poverty, where people are pushed together in search of an enemy. The socio-economic environment in Russia has not improved at all over these ten years. Unemployment, especially in the North Caucasus, reaches 40% or more. And if you add drug addiction to this. Neglect and rampant crime - this is a breeding ground for terrorists and their accomplices. This is clearly seen in the examples of Dagestan, Ingushetia, and Chechnya. Currently, the following causes of terrorism are named in the domestic legal literature: I Social - economic (report from students) II Political (report from students) III Religious (report from students)

Student's message: The reasons for the emergence of extremism include the following: 1. this is a large stratification of the population in terms of wealth, which leads to the fact that society ceases to function as an integral organism, united by common goals, ideas, and values. this is an increase in social tension. 2. this is a decrease in the ideological component in the educational process, which led to the loss of moral values. 3. this is lack of spirituality, the lack of clear ideas about the history and prospects for the development of the country, the loss of a sense of belonging and responsibility for the fate of the Motherland.

The social base of extremist groups consists of people who have failed to adapt to new living conditions. Young people, unable to take a critical approach to the content of publications in the media, due to the lack of life experience, turned out to be the most susceptible to this influence. This is a very good environment for extremist groups. Most youth extremist groups are not formal in nature. A number of their members have a vague idea of ​​the ideological background of extremist movements. Loud phraseology, external paraphernalia and other accessories, the opportunity to feel like a member of a kind of “secret society” that has the right to carry out reprisals with impunity against persons disliked by the group, all this attracts young people.

This is the activity of state authorities and local governments to prevent terrorism and extremism, including identifying and subsequently eliminating the causes and conditions conducive to the commission of crimes of a terrorist nature and extremist nature (prevention); identifying persons prone to committing them, suppressing terrorist and extremist activities of specific individuals and organizations, solving and investigating crimes and offenses related to them; as well as minimizing and (or) eliminating the consequences of their manifestation. 4. COUNTERING TERRORISM AND EXTREMISM

One of the main and most important areas of countering extremism in the Russian Federation is its prevention, i.e. preventive work to counter extremist manifestations. In accordance with Art. 3 of the Federal Law of July 25, 2002 No. 114 -FZ “On Combating Extremist Activities” the main directions of countering this activity are: 1) taking preventive measures aimed at preventing extremist activity; 2) identification, prevention and suppression of extremist activities of public and religious associations, other organizations, individuals. 3) Carrying out comprehensive activities to develop a legal culture among young people. 4) Fostering in young people a tolerant worldview, a tolerant attitude towards all people, regardless of their nationality, religion, social, property status and other circumstances. 5) Increasing the number of students in additional departments. education

1) ensuring the rights and freedoms of man and citizen; 2) legality; 3) the inevitability of punishment; 4) integrated use of political, informational and propaganda, socio-economic, legal, special and other measures to counter terrorism and extremism; 5) priority of prevention measures; 6) confidentiality of information; Minimization and (or) elimination of consequences; 8) proportionality of measures to counter the degree of public danger.

5. Structural units of internal affairs bodies also carry out preventive activities in relation to the above crimes within the limits of their competence. The PUBLIC ORDER SERVICE carries out: periodic inspections of the legality of residence of citizens, the use of apartments and basements leased (for rent) to enterprises, institutions, organizations and individuals, as well as hotels, restaurants in order to establish and take measures against persons (organizations) ), illegally storing weapons, ammunition and other weapons; control over access to empty rooms, attics and basements; cessation of the activities of private security companies and security services under the control of terrorist organizations (communities); carrying out explanatory work among the population, in public organizations, labor collectives in order to prevent crimes of a terrorist nature; adjustment of the unified deployment system in order to bring posts and patrol routes as close as possible to places where terrorist crimes may be committed.

PASSPORT AND VISA SERVICE is involved in: establishing the location of citizens of the Russian Federation, foreign citizens and stateless persons in respect of whom there is information about the intention to commit a crime of a terrorist nature; identifying persons violating the rules of registration, as well as stay, foreign citizens and stateless persons on the territory of the Russian Federation; informing interested services about persons arriving from zones of internal armed conflicts, for further verification of their possible involvement in committing crimes of a terrorist nature, etc. Traffic police units check documents of drivers and passengers in order to identify and detain persons suspected of belonging to terrorist organizations (or groups), as well as illegally transporting weapons, ammunition, explosive devices, incendiary, chemical, potent toxic substances, bacteriological, narcotic and psychotropic drugs, and their transfer to internal affairs bodies.

CRIMINAL INVESTIGATION UNITS are involved in: carrying out operational search activities in the service area, together with other bodies, to identify and block the channels for terrorist organizations (communities), terrorist groups to receive funds, weapons, ammunition, explosives, devices and other means of destruction; carrying out operational search activities to identify the locations of terrorist groups; searching for terrorists who have fled from investigation and trial, as well as persons in respect of whom there is information about their intention to commit a terrorist crime, etc.

CRIMINAL DETECTIVE STAFF: analyze information about the activities of ethnic organized communities or groups; conduct intelligence surveys of persons without a fixed place of residence, foreigners living without registration and representing operational interest; carry out operational work in ethnic criminal groups, including with the aim of identifying persons with connections to terrorist and extremist centers in other countries; carry out operational activities in religious Islamic centers that send youth to study Islam in Arab countries and have connections with terrorist organizations; carry out operational and search activities in places where students from Islamic countries live and study; conduct surveys, operational inspections, monitor places of concentration of people with connections to criminal communities, namely: casinos, bars, saunas, cafes, restaurants, train stations, markets, hotels, hostels, parking places for railway and freight non-resident transport, auto repair centers and etc.

INTERPOL In 1986, a special TE unit was created as part of its General Secretariat - a small group to combat terrorism. Its main task was to create a database of persons involved or suspected of terrorist activities. Interpol has a separate database of criminal organizations found to have committed terrorist acts. Their connections with other criminal communities are being monitored, mainly with those involved in drug trafficking, arms trafficking, and explosives. Interpol regularly holds symposiums on combating international terrorism. They are held not only at the Interpol headquarters (Lyon, France), but also at individual regional centers in Asia, Africa, and the Americas.

Eternal memory to the victims of terrorism

THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION!

You are at a wonderful age when every day brings something new and unexpected. You discover new interesting books and films. You begin to see things in a new way. The world around you and people reveal themselves to you from an unexpected side. You begin to make joyful discoveries both in your studies and in your personal life. Based on traditional norms, you begin to build an attitude towards yourself, other people, and the country in which you live. Concepts like Fatherland, small homeland, native land, native language, family, home, begin to be filled with specific content and meaning for you.

Not only do you gain a sense of self-confidence and the ability to rely on yourself, but you also develop behavioral patterns that will allow you to cope with life's challenges in the future. Strength of spirit is formed in overcoming difficulties, just as strength of muscles is formed in overcoming heavy loads.

At this age, interest in the opposite sex arises, and the time comes for the first time to fall in love. For the first time, you begin to think about choosing a path in life, about your future profession.

Your peers achieve results in big-time sports in adult competitions and often receive the titles of masters of sports and international masters of sports.

And you, too, may want to become adults right away, one day.

And we must not forget that during this period there is a real danger of falling under the influence of the ideology of violence and extremist thinking and being involved in terrorist activities.

Involvement in terrorist activities is often facilitated by propaganda of the imaginary attractiveness of this step, which is based on the formation of certain false ideas about terrorism. Among them the following are possible:

• the strength and power of terrorists, the wide popularity of their deeds. But all their forces are aimed at the death of innocent people and the destruction of the life of society, and their activities bear the stigma of crime;
• a sense of camaraderie and reliable self-sufficiency in a group of terrorists. But terrorists turn teenagers into suicide bombers and drug them;
• joyful excitement from accepting a new role and a new life: you are already an adult, they trust you and you can do anything. But the bandits, diligently playing the role of older, wise comrades, send teenagers on mortally dangerous operations in which life can end at any minute __ they may never become adults.

Therefore, it is impossible to become a completely adult one day by deciding to engage in terrorist activities. Anyone who decides to become a terrorist forever deprives himself of many important and valuable things. You live in a family, have the opportunity to communicate normally with others, and you form connections with friends and acquaintances. A terrorist, as a rule, breaks ties with his family; he is not allowed to appear at home due to the constant threat of arrest. He has no friends, he only has accomplices.

You need to remember that adulthood comes to a person gradually, in the process of his social development, the formation of his life experience, on the basis of certain moral positions, qualities and beliefs, including:

• the desire to understand the world around us and ourselves in it;
• love for one's Fatherland;
• respectful attitude towards the history, culture, traditions of one’s people;
• formation of abilities to work and self-discipline;
• the desire to be honest, fair and responsive, tolerant of the opinions and lifestyle of others;
• learn to live in harmony with yourself and others;
• formation of a modern level of life safety culture.

The individual’s need for knowledge and skills to adequately respond to dangers arising in the course of everyday life and to ensure the protection of the vital interests of the individual, society and state is increasing. It is generally accepted that:

• the interests of the individual are in the implementation of constitutional rights and freedoms, in ensuring personal safety, in improving the quality and standard of living, in the physical, spiritual and intellectual development of man and citizen;
• the interests of society lie in strengthening democracy, in creating a legal, social state, in achieving and maintaining public harmony, in the spiritual renewal of Russia;
• The interests of the state lie in the inviolability of the constitutional system, sovereignty and territorial integrity of Russia, in political, economic and social stability, in the unconditional provision of legality and maintenance of law and order, in the development of equal and mutually beneficial international cooperation.

Since the Russian Federation is the homeland of many nationalities, it is important to love culture, value originality, and respect the customs of other peoples of Russia as if they were our own. On September 1, 2009, in his address to schoolchildren, the President of the Russian Federation D. A. Medvedev said:

“A modern person is educated, with respect and interest in the views and beliefs of other people. But, in addition to the necessary personal qualities, the most important condition for success is peace and order in our common home - Russia. There are more than 140 million of us. We are very different... We... all together form a single multinational people.”

Terrorists and separatists of all stripes, with their criminal activities, want to split the unity of the peoples of Russia, which has developed over centuries. As the President of the Russian Federation emphasizes: “There are those who seek to quarrel between nations in order to achieve their own, their own selfish interests. But they will not be able to achieve their goals. We are stronger. Because friendship and good neighborliness are stronger than evil and stronger than hatred.”