Posting the transfer of funds to the deposit deposit. Increasing capital: accounting for ruble deposits and interest on them. account opening message

By bank deposit agreement one party (the bank), having accepted the sum of money (deposit) received from the other party (depositor) or received for it, undertakes to return the deposit amount and pay interest on it on the terms and in the manner provided for by the agreement (clause 1 of Article 834 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation ).

Note. Quite often, in order to more efficiently use temporarily available funds, business entities decide to place funds in a deposit account with a bank.

The rules on the agreement (Chapter 45 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation) apply to the relationship between the bank and the depositor on the account to which the deposit is made, unless otherwise provided by the rules of Chapter. 44 “Bank deposit” of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation or does not follow from the essence of the bank deposit agreement. Legal entities do not have the right to transfer funds in deposits to other persons (Clause 3 of Article 834 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation).
The bank deposit agreement must be concluded in writing. The written form of such an agreement is considered to be complied with if the deposit is certified by a savings book, a savings or deposit certificate, or another document issued by the bank to the depositor that meets the requirements provided for such documents by law, the banking rules established in accordance with it and the business customs applied in banking practice ( Clause 1 of Article 836 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation).

Failure to comply with the written form of the bank deposit agreement entails its invalidity. Such an agreement is void (clause 2 of Article 836 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation).

The deposit may be made to the bank in the name of a specified third party. A bank deposit agreement in favor of a legal entity that does not exist at that time is void (Clause 1, Article 842 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation).
If a deposit is accepted from a legal entity by a person who does not have the right to do so, or in violation of the procedure established by law or banking rules adopted in accordance with it, such an agreement is invalid (clauses 2 and 3 of Article 835 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation).
A bank deposit agreement is concluded on the terms of issuing the deposit on demand (demand deposit) or on the terms of returning the deposit after the expiration of the period specified in the agreement (time deposit). The agreement may provide for the making of deposits on other conditions for their return that do not contradict the law (clause 1 of Article 837 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation).

Under an agreement of any type, the bank is obliged to issue the deposit amount or part thereof upon the first request of the depositor, with the exception of deposits made by legal entities on other terms of return provided for by the agreement (Clause 2 of Article 837 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation).

The bank pays the depositor interest on the deposit amount in the amount determined by the bank deposit agreement. Under an agreement concluded by a bank with a legal entity, the amount of interest on a deposit cannot be unilaterally changed, unless otherwise provided by law or agreement (clauses 1 and 3 of Article 838 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation).

The methods by which the bank ensures the return of deposits of legal entities are determined by the bank deposit agreement (Clause 2 of Article 840 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation).

An essential condition mandatory for contracts of this type (without them the contract will be considered not concluded (Article 432 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation)) is the subject of the contract. If the contribution is made in the name of a third party, then an essential condition of such an agreement will be the indication of the name of the legal entity (Article 54 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation) in whose favor the contribution is made (clause 1 of Article 842 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation).

The condition on the amount of interest paid to the depositor is not an essential condition of the agreement. If the contract does not contain a condition on the amount of interest to be paid, by virtue of clause 1 of Art. 838 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, the bank is obliged to pay interest in the amount determined in accordance with clause 1 of Art. 809 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, that is, in the amount of the bank interest rate (refinancing rate) at the location of the legal entity on the day of payment.

A bank deposit agreement is considered concluded from the moment the depositor deposits funds into the deposit, and not from the moment it is signed by the parties. This is confirmed by judicial practice (Resolutions of the Federal Antimonopoly Service of the Far Eastern District dated November 11, 2009 N F03-5148/2009, FAS Moscow District dated May 26, 2010 N KG-A40/3422-10).

Accounting

To account for the movement of funds invested by an organization in bank and other deposits, the Instructions for the application of the Chart of Accounts for financial and economic activities of organizations (approved by Order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated October 31, 2000 N 94n) propose to use subaccount 3 “Deposit accounts” account 55 “Special accounts in banks”.

The amount of funds deposited into the deposit account is at the same time recognized as a financial investment (clause 3 of the Accounting Regulations “Accounting for Financial Investments” (PBU 19/02), approved by Order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated December 10, 2002 N 126n).

To account for financial investments, the specified Instruction prescribes the use of account 58 “Financial investments”. With this option, to account for deposits, it is logical to open a special sub-account 5 “Bank deposit (deposit)”.

It is advisable to consolidate the use of a specific account in the accounting policy of the organization (clauses 4, 7 of the Accounting Regulations “Accounting Policy of Organizations” (PBU 1/2008), approved by Order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated October 6, 2008 N 106n).

Financial investments are accounted for at their original cost (clauses 8, 9, 21 PBU 19/02), which in this case is equal to the amount of funds contributed to the deposit.

Thus, when placing funds in a deposit account at a bank, the following is posted:

Debit 58-5 (55-3) Credit 51

Transferred to a deposit account.

Regardless of which accounting account the deposits are reflected in, information about them should be shown in the balance sheet as part of financial investments.

Let us remind you that:

• line 1170 “Financial investments” of the balance sheet indicates the cost of long-term financial investments, the circulation (repayment) period of which exceeds 12 months (clause 19 of the Accounting Regulations “Accounting statements of an organization” (PBU 4/99), approved by Order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated 07/06/1999 N 43n, clause 41 PBU 19/02);
• line 1240 “Financial investments (except for cash equivalents)” shows information about the organization’s financial investments, the circulation (maturity) period of which does not exceed 12 months.

Demand deposits are classified by the Accounting Regulations “Cash Flow Report” (PBU 23/2011) (approved by Order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated 02.02.2011 N 11n) as highly liquid financial investments that can be easily converted into a predetermined amount of cash and which are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value (clause 5 of PBU 23/2011). Such assets are reflected in line 1250 “Cash and cash equivalents”.

Interest on the deposit receivable is other income of the organization. They are recognized in accounting for each reporting period in accordance with the terms of the bank deposit agreement during its validity period (clause 34 PBU 19/02, clauses 7, 10.1, 16 of the Accounting Regulations “Organizational Income” PBU 9/99 , approved by Order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated May 6, 1999 N 32n).

The indicated income is reflected in the debit of account 76 “Settlements with various debtors and creditors” and the credit of subaccount 1 “Other income” of account 91 “Other income and expenses” (Instructions for using the Chart of Accounts):

Debit 76 Credit 91-1

Interest receivable has accrued.

Example 1. According to the bank deposit agreement, the organization sent 8,000,000 rubles for deposit on June 1. for a year. The bank must return the funds on May 31, 2013. Simple interest is charged on the deposit in the amount of 7.5% per annum. Interest on the deposit amount is calculated monthly based on the actual number of days the funds are in the account during the month.
On June 30, the organization includes in other income the interest accrued for this month - 49,315.07 rubles. (RUB 8,000,000 x 7.5% x 30 days: 365 days):
Debit 76 Credit 91-1

For July, the amount of interest on the deposit will increase to 50,958.90 rubles. (RUB 8,000,000 x 7.5% x 31 days: 365 days).

If, under the terms of the bank deposit agreement, interest is accrued according to the compound interest formula (interest is accrued on the amount of the deposit (deposit) taking into account previously accrued interest (clause 3.9 of the Regulations on the procedure for calculating interest on transactions related to the attraction and placement of funds by banks, approved by the Bank Russia 26.06.1998 N 39-P), then the accrued amounts are accounted for in the same accounting accounts as the deposit.

So, in the case when, for example, account 58-5 is used to account for a deposit, the interest due to be received is also recorded in this account 58-5. Such interest is recognized as part of financial investments, since they will bring economic benefits to the organization in the future (clause 2 of PBU 19/02).

Example 2. Let us slightly change the condition of example 1: compound interest is accrued on the deposit in the amount of the same 7.5%. To account for deposits, the organization's accounting policy provides for the use of account 55-3.
The accrual of interest on the deposit for June is reflected by the posting:
Debit 76 Credit 55-3
- 49,315.07 rub. - interest accrued on the deposit for June.
For July, the amount of interest on the deposit will be 51,273.03 rubles. (RUB 8,049,315.07 x 7.5% x 31 days: 365 days).

As a general rule, the conditions for the return of a bank deposit (deposit) are determined by agreement. The parties may agree on the possibility of early termination of the bank deposit agreement at the initiative of the depositor. In this case, interest on the deposit is paid in a smaller amount, which is established by the agreement in the event of its early termination (clause 3 of Article 837 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation).

A decrease in the interest rate upon early termination of a bank deposit agreement causes a decrease in interest income.

If the amount of excess recognized income in the form of interest relates to the current reporting period, then a reversal entry is made in accounting as the debit of account 76 and the credit of account 91-1 (clause 6.4 of PBU 9/99, Instructions for using the Chart of Accounts).

Example 3. Let us add the condition of example 1: the agreement provides for the client’s right to early demand the return of the deposit amount by sending a written notice no later than 2 business days before the expected date of return of the funds placed in the deposit. At the same time, a reduction in interest on the deposit to 7% per annum is provided.
On December 11, the organization contacted the bank with a notification to return the deposit on December 14.
In the period from June to November, on the last day of the calendar month, the organization accrued interest on the deposit based on 7.5% per annum: RUB 49,315.07. - for June, September and November; RUB 50,958.90 - for July, August and October. In total, 300,821.91 rubles were accrued. (RUB 49,315.07 x 3 + RUB 50,958.90 x 3).
Due to the early requirement to return the deposit, the amount of accrued interest for June - November is reduced to RUB 280,767.12. (RUB 8,000,000 x 7% (30 days + 31 days + 31 days + 30 days + 31 days + 30 days): 365 days). The reduction in interest for the specified period will be RUB 20,054.79. (300,821.91 - 280,767.12).
In accounting, such a decrease is reflected in December by a reversal entry:
Debit 76 Credit 91-1
- RUB 20,054.79 - the amount of accrued interest for June - November was reversed.
At the time of return of funds on the deposit for December, 21,479.45 rubles will be accrued in the form of interest. (RUB 8,000,000 x 7% x 14 days: 365 days). The following entries are made:
Debit 51 Credit 58-5 (55-3)
- 8,000,000 rub. - deposit funds were returned;
Debit 76 Credit 91-1
- RUB 21,479.45 - interest accrued on the deposit for December.

If excessively recognized income in the form of interest relates to the previous calendar year, then in accounting it is taken into account as part of other expenses as a loss from previous years, which was identified in the reporting year (clause 11 of the Accounting Regulations “Expenses of the Organization” PBU 10 /99, approved by Order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated May 6, 1999 N 33n). This will record:

Debit 91-2 Credit 76

The amount of reduction in interest on the deposit due to early termination is included in other expenses.

The organization can also send funds to a deposit account opened in foreign currency. Deposit transactions in this case are reflected similarly to those above, with some peculiarities.

When placing funds in a deposit account and returning them, account 52 “Currency accounts” is used.

Value of assets and liabilities:

• banknotes at the organization's cash desk, funds in bank accounts (bank deposits), cash and payment documents;
• financial investments;
• funds in settlements, including on borrowed obligations, with legal entities and individuals;
• investments in non-current assets (fixed assets, intangible assets, etc.);
• inventories, -

as well as other assets and liabilities of the organization, expressed in foreign currency, are subject to conversion into rubles for reflection in accounting and financial statements.

Conversion of the value of banknotes on a bank deposit denominated in foreign currency into rubles must be carried out on the date of the transaction in foreign currency, as well as on the reporting date. Such recalculation can be carried out, in addition, as the exchange rate changes (clauses 4, 7 of the Accounting Regulations “Accounting for assets and liabilities, the value of which is expressed in foreign currency” (PBU 3/2006), approved by Order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated 27.11.2006 N 154n).

Tax obligations

- message about opening an account

Taxpayers - organizations and individual entrepreneurs are required to report to the tax authority respectively, at the location of the organization, the place of residence of the individual entrepreneur, in particular, about opening or closing accounts(personal accounts). Individual entrepreneurs report to the tax authority about the accounts they use in their business activities. Moreover, they must make such a communication within seven working days from the date of opening (closing) such accounts (clause 1, clause 2, article 23 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation).

A similar obligation to report the opening or closing of accounts within the same period is assigned to payers of insurance contributions to the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation, the Federal Insurance Fund of the Russian Federation and the Federal Compulsory Medical Insurance Fund (clause 1, clause 3, article 28 of the Federal Law of July 24, 2009 N 212-FZ "On Insurance contributions to the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation, the Social Insurance Fund of the Russian Federation, the Federal Compulsory Medical Insurance Fund").

For violations of the deadline for submitting information about opening or closing an account in any bank to the tax authority and to the territorial branches of the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation and the Federal Social Insurance Fund of the Russian Federation, both fiscal authorities and tax authorities may impose penalties in the amount of 5,000 rubles on organizations and individual entrepreneurs. (Clause 1 of Article 118 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation, Article 46.1 of Law No. 212-FZ).

For the purposes of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation, accounts are recognized as settlement (current) and other bank accounts opened on the basis of a bank account agreement, to which funds of organizations and individual entrepreneurs are credited and from which funds can be spent (clause 2 of Article 11 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation). Deposit accounts, according to the Ministry of Finance, do not have the characteristics of accounts provided for in the aforementioned paragraph 2 of Art. 11 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation. These accounts are not opened on the basis of a bank account agreement and have a special purpose.

Based on this, the requirement for taxpayers to inform the tax authorities about the opening (closing) of accounts, in their opinion, does not apply to deposit accounts(Letter of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated 06/09/2009 N 03-02-07/1-304).

Arbitration courts also agree with this position. Thus, the judges of the Federal Antimonopoly Service of the Moscow District came to the conclusion that the actions of the taxpayer who did not report the closure of the ruble deposit account do not constitute a tax offense under Art. 118 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation, since the defendant’s funds cannot be spent from a deposit account closed by the company. After all, legal entities, by virtue of clause 3 of Art. 834 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation does not have the right to transfer funds in deposits to other persons.

The above arguments regarding deposit accounts and the conclusion that:

• such an account does not fall under the concept of an account used for the purposes of Law N 212-FZ, and
• about the unnecessaryness of a written message to the territorial branches of the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation and the Federal Social Insurance Fund of the Russian Federation about its opening (closing), -

are given in Letter of the Ministry of Health and Social Development of Russia dated May 21, 2010 N 1274-19.

Let us note that banks do not have the obligation to report to the tax inspectorate about the deposit accounts they open (Letter of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated 06/08/2009 N 03-02-07/1-300).

The judges of the Federal Antimonopoly Service of the East Siberian District considered the actions of the tax authorities who imposed penalties on the basis of Art. 132 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation against a bank for failure to report the closure of a deposit account (Resolution dated February 27, 2003 N A19-2553/02-21-26-Ф02-348/03-С1).

Tax collection from the deposit account of the taxpayer (tax agent) is not carried out if the validity period of the deposit agreement has not expired (clause 5 of Article 46 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation). However, in the presence of the specified agreement, the tax authority has the right to give the bank an order to transfer, after the expiration of the deposit agreement, funds from the deposit account to the settlement (current) account of the taxpayer (tax agent), if by this time the order of the tax authority sent to this bank has not been executed for tax remittance.

A similar norm is given in paragraph 11 of Art. 19 of Law No. 212-FZ.

Thus, the authorities monitoring the payment of taxes and insurance premiums, as part of the exercise of powers to control their payment, do not collect funds from the deposit account if the agreement has not expired.

- with a general taxation system

The implementation by banks of banking operations in the territory of the Russian Federation (with the exception of collection), including the attraction of funds from organizations and individuals on deposits, is classified as operations that are not subject to taxation (exempt from taxation) VAT (clause 3, clause 3, article 149 Tax Code of the Russian Federation).

The fact that banking operations to attract funds from organizations into deposits are not subject to VAT is also indicated in Letters of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated December 28, 2011 N 03-07-05/43, dated 08/09/2011 N 03-07-05/20. Thus:

• depositing funds;
• return by the bank of funds on a bank deposit (deposit);
• receiving interest under a bank deposit agreement -

do not entail any VAT consequences for the investor.

When calculating income tax, funds deposited into a deposit account and returned by the bank are not included in the expenses and income of the taxpayer (clause 12 of Article 270, clause 10 of clause 1 of Article 251 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation).

Interest under a bank deposit agreement is taken into account by the depositor in non-operating income (clause 6 of Article 250 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation).

Under the accrual method for contracts whose duration spans more than one reporting period, such income is recognized as received and is included in the corresponding income at the end of the month of the corresponding reporting period (clause 6 of Article 271 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation), as well as on the date of termination of the contract or on the date of early termination of the contract.

Interest paid by the bank under a bank account agreement is included by the taxpayer in the tax base on the basis of a statement of cash flows in the taxpayer’s bank account, unless otherwise provided by Chapter. 25 Tax Code of the Russian Federation. If the bank account servicing agreement does not provide for settlements for payment for bank services during each cash settlement operation, then the date of receipt of income is recognized as the last day of the reporting month (clause 2 of Article 328 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation).

When using the cash method in tax accounting, interest is included in income on the date of its receipt in the current account (clause 2 of Article 273 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation, Letter of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated November 15, 2010 N 03-03-06/4/112).

If an organization uses the cash method in tax accounting, then in the case where interest due under a bank deposit agreement is taken into account when forming accounting profit (loss) in one reporting period, and when determining the tax base for income tax - in another reporting period period, in the month of recognition of interest income in accounting, it should reflect the occurrence of a taxable temporary difference and the corresponding deferred tax liability (clauses 12, 15 of the Accounting Regulations “Accounting for calculations of corporate income tax” (PBU 18/ 02), approved by Order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated November 19, 2002 N 114n):

Debit 68, subaccount "Calculations for income tax", Credit 77

Deferred tax liability has been accrued.

The specified differences and IT are repaid on the date of receipt of interest under the bank deposit agreement (clause 18 of PBU 18/02):

Debit 51 Credit 76

The amount of interest on the deposit has been received;

Debit 77 Credit 68, subaccount "Calculations for income tax",

The deferred tax liability has been settled.

In case of early termination of a bank deposit agreement at the initiative of the depositor, interest on the deposit, as mentioned above, is paid in the amount established by the agreement in case of early termination.

When applying the accrual method in tax accounting, it is necessary to determine the difference between the amount accrued and included in non-operating income on the last day of each month of the term of the bank deposit interest agreement and the amount of interest accrued at the rate established in the agreement in the event of its early termination. The total taxable base for income tax will be increased by the totality of these differences.

The Ministry of Finance of Russia in Letter dated June 23, 2010 N 03-03-06/1/426 confirmed that interest on all types of borrowing is recognized as part of non-operating income evenly throughout the entire term of the agreement, regardless of the date of actual payment at the end of each month use of the provided funds based on the current interest rate.

If a taxpayer discovers inaccurate information in the tax return submitted to the tax authority, as well as errors that do not lead to an underestimation of the amount of tax payable, he has the right to make the necessary changes to the tax return and submit an updated tax return to the tax authority in the manner established by Art. 81 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation (clause 1 of Article 81 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation). And, it would seem, the investor can submit updated declarations for the reporting periods for reflecting such income.

But in fact, in the income tax returns previously filed by the organization, there was no false information that did not lead to an understatement of the tax amount. After all, at that time it was impossible to predict that there would subsequently be an early termination of the bank deposit agreement and the interest on the deposit would change downwards.

Therefore, it is logical to adjust the tax base for income tax during the period of early termination of the contract.

End of example 3. Having received a notification in December about the early return of the deposit, the bank will recalculate the accrued interest due to a decrease in the percentage of return on the deposit to 7.
For June, the depositor is entitled to 46,027.40 rubles. (8,000,000 rubles x 7% x 30 days: 365 days), he was paid 49,315.07 rubles. Therefore, the difference between these amounts is 3287.67 rubles. (49,315.07 - 46,027.40), the taxpayer had an overestimated tax base for income tax for the first half of the year.
For July, August and September, the amount of interest paid on the deposit is RUB 151,232.87. (50,958.90 + 50,958.90 + 49,315.07), the organization is entitled to 141,150.69 rubles. (47,561.64 + 47,561.64 + 46,027.40) (where 47,561.64 (RUB 8,000,000 x 7% x 31 days: 365 days) - interest for July and August), the difference - RUB 10,082.18 (151,232.87 - 141,150.69).
Thus, at the end of September, the organization had overpaid interest of 13,369.85 rubles. (3287.67 + 10,082.18). And this amount was taken into account when calculating income tax for nine months, that is, the tax base was overstated for this reporting period.
Despite this, the organization does not submit updated tax returns for the first half of 2012 and 9 months of 2012.
When calculating profit tax for the year, the taxpayer includes in non-operating income the accrued interest on the deposit for October 47,561.64 rubles, November - 46,017.40 rubles. and December - 21,479.45 rubles. (RUB 8,000,000 x 7% x 14 days: 365 days) and reduces them by overpaid interest in June, July, August and September - RUB 13,369.85.

In the case when excessively recognized income in the form of interest falls on previous tax periods, it is included in non-operating expenses as a loss of previous tax periods identified in the current reporting (tax) period (clause 1, clause 2, article 265 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation).

When using the cash method in tax accounting, interest is included in income in the amounts actually received. Consequently, the organization does not need to make any adjustments to tax accounting data.

- "simplified"

With the simplified tax system, funds:

• deposited into a deposit account - do not relate to the depositor’s expenses (clause 1 of Article 346.16 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation);
• returned by the bank are not included in their income (clause 1, clause 1.1, article 346.15, clause 10, clause 1, article 251 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation).

Officials also confirm this. Since the amounts transferred from the deposit account to the current account of the organization are not income from sales within the framework of Art. 249 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation, then such amounts are not taken into account when determining the tax base by an organization applying a simplified taxation system (Letters of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated November 25, 2008 N 03-11-04/2/177, dated April 25, 2007 N 03-11-04/2 /107).

Interest income on a bank deposit is non-operating income for the “simplified” (paragraph 3, paragraph 1, article 346.15, paragraph 6, article 250 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation). The amount of interest is indicated in column 4 of the Book of accounting of income and expenses of organizations and individual entrepreneurs using the simplified taxation system (approved by Order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated December 31, 2008 N 154n).

The date of receipt of income under the simplified tax system is the day of receipt of funds in bank accounts and (or) at the cash desk (clause 1 of article 346.17 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation). Interest on the deposit increases taxable income on the day the funds are credited to the organization's current account.

When compound interest is accrued on a deposit (which is credited to the deposit account and which the organization cannot dispose of), taxable income does not arise for the simplifier until the funds (with accrued interest) are transferred from the deposit account to the current account.

A reduction in the interest rate upon early termination of a bank deposit agreement does not entail any consequences for the simplified bank, since for tax purposes the specified income is recognized on the date of actual receipt of funds for interest payment.

The "simplified" deposit account may receive funds from the counterparty for work performed (services rendered). In this case, officials recognize the received amount as his income and strongly recommend taking it into account when determining the tax base for the tax paid in connection with the application of this taxation system (Letter of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated March 12, 2009 N 03-11-09/99).

Although the above explanation concerns the “simplified”, it will also be useful for taxpayers using the general taxation system, because the position of the regulatory authorities will not change.

- UTII

The payment by organizations of a single tax on imputed income, as is known, provides for their exemption from the obligation to pay corporate income tax (in relation to profits received from business activities subject to a single tax) (Clause 4 of Article 346.26 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation).

The tax base for calculating the amount of a single tax is the amount of imputed income, calculated as the product of the basic profitability for a certain type of business activity, calculated for the tax period, and the value of the physical indicator characterizing this type of activity (clause 2 of Article 346.29 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation).

An organization carrying out activities transferred to the payment of UTII transfers for use to the bank under a deposit agreement the available funds located in the current account with the bank in order to receive income in the form of interest.

Based on this, the fiscal authorities concluded that the organization, in addition to business activities subject to UTII taxation, carries out a separate type of activity aimed at obtaining non-operating income in the form of bank interest accrued under a bank deposit agreement.

Since income in the form of interest received for providing a bank with funds from a given organization cannot be considered as income from activities transferred to the payment of UTII, it is subject to income tax based on separate accounting of income and expenses (Letter of the Federal Tax Service of Russia dated March 24 .2011 N KE-4-3/4649@).

Let us remind you that taxpayers who, along with business activities subject to a single tax, carry out other types of business activities are required to keep separate records of property, liabilities and business transactions in relation to business activities transferred to the payment of UTII and business activities in respect of which taxpayers pay taxes in accordance with a different taxation regime. At the same time, accounting of property, liabilities and business transactions in relation to types of business activities subject to a single tax is carried out by taxpayers in the generally established manner (clause 7 of Article 346.26 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation).

Somewhat earlier, financiers also came to this position. Income received by an organization from placing funds in a deposit account with a bank under a bank deposit agreement, in their opinion, is subject to corporate income tax in accordance with Chapter. 25 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation (Letters of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated February 19, 2009 N 03-11-06/3/36, dated December 18, 2008 N 03-11-05/306).

As we see, the regulatory authorities persistently recommend that “imputed” people, who, in addition to the activities transferred to the payment of UTII, receive interest income from placing temporarily free funds on deposit, keep separate records and pay income tax on such income.

If an organization combines UTII and simplified taxation system and at the same time places free funds under a bank deposit agreement, receiving interest income on the deposit, then it should be taken into account as part of income taxed under the simplified taxation system (Letter of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated July 6, 2005 N 03- 11-04/3/7).

October 2012

When placing the company's monetary resources on a savings bank deposit, the company regularly receives income in the form of interest on the deposit; accounting entries should reflect the amount of the investment as a financial investment, and the profit on it as other income. The deposit must be repayable, it has an expiration date, the investment of funds is carried out on a paid basis (the bank pays income in the form of interest for the use of the client’s resources) - such properties are prescribed in relation to deposits in clause 1 of Art. 834 Civil Code of the Russian Federation.

Reflection of the deposit in accounting

PBU 19/02 classifies savings deposits as financial investments. Therefore, deposit entries are made using account 58, which is confirmed by the norms of Order of the Ministry of Finance dated October 31, 2000 No. 94n. An alternative option for business entities is offered by methodological material on the use of the chart of accounts - the use of subaccount 55.3.

Both accounts are active, the crediting of funds to the savings account is recorded by debit turnover, and the withdrawal of resources by credit entries. Accounting for interest on a deposit with participation in account entries 58 or 55.3 is carried out in one case - the deposit is registered on the terms of capitalization of intermediate income. Enterprises decide on their own which account to choose to represent their deposit. The chosen method of accounting for this type of investment must be consolidated in the accounting policy and duplicated in the working chart of accounts.

Typical correspondence on deposit transactions is represented by the following records:

• crediting money to the deposit – D 58 or 55.3 – K 50 or 51, 52;
• if the interest received on the deposit is capitalized, the posting of summing up the income with the principal amount of the investment is made by debiting account 58 or 55.3 and crediting account 91;
• Closing the deposit and withdrawing funds from it is reflected in the debit of the account to which the money was returned (account 50 or 51, 52), and in the credit of account 58 or 55.3.

The procedure for calculating income on savings deposits is prescribed in a bilateral agreement between the company and the bank. The accrual of interest on deposit transactions is reflected as income received from debtors. PBU 9/99 in paragraph 7 regulates the designation of accrued interest profits on deposits through account 91 as part of other income receipts. The final correspondence will look like D76 - K91.

The fact of accrual of income on a deposit is not the last operation to recognize investment results. The final step will be to record the receipt of interest on the deposit. The postings in this case could be as follows:

• D 51 or 52 in combination with K 76;
• D 58 or 55.3 - K 91, a record is formed at the time of attributing income to the amount of the deposit in order to capitalize it and increase the profitability of the investment.

The single tax for simplification is levied on:
– income from the sale of goods (work, services) and property rights, determined under Article 249 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation;
– non-operating income determined according to Article 250 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation.
This procedure is provided for in paragraph 1 of Article 346.15 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation.
Non-operating income includes the organization's income received in the form of interest received under loan agreements, credit agreements, bank accounts, bank deposits, as well as on securities and other debt obligations.
A deposit account is a special bank account. In accounting, the movement of money in deposits is reflected in account 55-3 “Deposit accounts in banks.”
Reflect the transfer of funds to the deposit by posting:
Debit 55-3 Credit 51 (52) – funds were transferred to a special deposit account.
When the bank returns the deposit amount, make a reverse entry.
When calculating and paying interest on a deposit, make the following entries in your accounting:
Debit 76 Credit 91-1 – interest accrued on the deposit;
Debit 51 Credit 76 – interest on the deposit was credited to the current account.
The bank deposit agreement may provide for the payment of the entire amount of interest on the deposit upon expiration of the period of storage of funds on deposit. In this case, interest accumulates in the deposit account during the entire period of storage of the money, and then the bank transfers it to the settlement (currency) account of the organization. Reflect such transactions in accounting with the following entries:
Debit 55-3 Credit 76 – interest on the deposit was credited to the deposit account;
Debit 51 (52) Credit 55-3 – interest on the deposit was credited to the current (currency) account.
Analytical accounting for account 55-3 “Deposit accounts” is maintained for each deposit separately.
Since deposits are recognized as financial investments (clause 3 of PBU 19/02), they can be accounted for in account 58 “Financial investments”. The organization establishes the method of accounting for the movement of money on deposit in its accounting policy.

Interest on deposits of legal entities must be shown as part of financial investments. But the order in which interest is displayed depends on the conditions for calculating income. What entries are used to reflect interest on a deposit?

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Availability of free capital is the “golden” rule of corporate finance. Since sometimes money may be needed urgently, it is advisable to have a certain reserve.

But simply storing money is not economically profitable; money must work and generate profit. Therefore, many economic entities open bank deposits.

At the same time, the issue of accounting for profit on the deposit becomes relevant. What entries are used to display interest income on a deposit in accounting?

What you need to know

The main documentary base, which is the basis for displaying a bank deposit and interest received in accounting, is.

Verifying the correctness of the contract and other legal aspects of the transaction is the prerogative of the legal service. The accountant is only interested in those terms of the contract that affect the accounting representation of the deposit.

The accountant is interested in such conditions in the contract as:

Basic Concepts

A deposit is a bank deposit that is opened in order to receive additional profit. In this case, the depositor opens a special bank account and replenishes it with the desired amount.

The bank uses these funds as working capital, and charges interest on the amount for the use of money. The deposit profit is formed from the accrued interest.

Accounting involves displaying all transactions with funds of an economic entity. Moreover, it is necessary to reflect not only the progress of operations, but also all related income/expenses.

Interest on a deposit represents the profit from the subject's investments. Therefore, if interest on the deposit is received, then it should be reflected in the accounts.

When reflecting interest, it is important to take into account one of the fundamental accounting principles - the accrual principle. According to it, transactions are recorded as they occur, and not upon payment, and are assigned to the period of the transaction.

This principle can be divided into principles:

For what purpose is it carried out?

The amount of money invested to earn interest is recognized as an investment of a financial nature. At the time of placement, this investment is displayed in its initial volume.

Funds held as deposits may appear in debit accounts:

The display of accrued interest in the accounting documentation is necessary for the correct determination of the entity's profit received.

It says here that the party that accepted the funds on the basis of opening a deposit (the bank) undertakes to return the deposit amount along with accrued interest in the manner specified in the agreement.

Legal grounds

Taking into account these standards, interest on deposits whose validity period exceeds the duration of the reporting period must be taken into account in income for the purpose of taxing the taxpayer’s profit evenly at the end of the corresponding reporting period.

Accounting for interest on deposit

Interest accrued on a bank deposit is included in the amount of other income on a monthly basis in accounting.

The reflection of the deposit in accounting is formed by transactions of the following type:

The difference in displaying deposit interest is explained by accounting purposes. When calculating the tax base, the very fact of making a profit is important, therefore all interest accrued on the deposit at the end of the reporting period are reflected in the accounts.

Accounting is carried out in order to realistically reflect the financial condition. Therefore, it is required to reflect the interest on the deposit that is actually received by the entity.

Calculation of the amount

It is stipulated that income is included in accounting under such circumstances as:

When the deposit agreement does not provide for the accrual of interest at the end of the reporting period, then there is no confidence in the multiplication of economic benefits for the organization.

It should be taken into account that the amount of interest charges in such a situation may be changed. It turns out that the organization cannot accurately determine the amount of payments due on the deposit.

This means that interest can only be taken into account upon expiration or termination of the contract, when it is actually received.

Interest on the deposit, accrued monthly, is included in the organization’s other income. They are reflected in accounting monthly until the expiration of the deposit agreement.

According to the Regulations on the income of the organization:

General business expenses of an enterprise include those expenses that are not related to production, but are necessary for managing business activities.

That is, it turns out that it is possible to display the transfer of the deposit on account 26. Accounting for transactions on deposits does not recognize deposit funds as expenses.

The amount placed on a bank deposit will not be recognized as an expense of the taxpayer in taxation, just as it will not be considered income when the deposit funds are returned to the depositor.

Therefore, it is inappropriate to use the account for general business expenses - account 26. Accounting for transactions on deposits recognizes only interest received as profit.

Reflection in 1C

In the 1C program you can quite easily take into account a bank deposit. How to post a bank according to accounting? In 1C, deposit transactions are displayed as ordinary banking transactions for the movement of finances.

The actual transfer of money to the current account of another entity and the creation of accounting entries is accompanied by the execution of a document called “Write-off from the current account.”

You can create the document yourself or download it from the “Client-Bank” system section. The debit account in it is shown as 55.03. After transferring money to the deposit, the posting Dt 55.03 Kt 51 appears.

When the deposit (initial amount) is returned to the depositor’s account, a documentary form “Receipt to account” is created in 1C. The account is shown the same - 55.03.

The posting upon return of the deposit amount is reverse credited to the deposit - Dt 51 Kt 55.03. To display the accrued interest amount in 1C, the document “Receipt to account” is also used.

The operation type is selected “Other”. But at the same time, the “Settlement account” is shown as 91.01. As a result, interest accrual is displayed as Dt 51 Kt 91.01.

Emerging nuances

If the deposit agreement is terminated prematurely, the bank will recalculate the amount of accrued interest at a different, lower rate.

When the agreement provides for the accrual of interest upon expiration of the deposit term, the interest for the full period is recalculated and a smaller amount is payable.

Many legal entities and individual entrepreneurs choose a bank deposit as a way to increase their capital. How is this type of investment accounted for in accounting?

Accounting entries for the deposit when opening and closing it

In accordance with PBU 19/02 (clauses 2, 3), deposit funds in accounting are shown as financial investments. They are registered at their original cost, which is the amount of money deposited in a bank account.

To account for the deposit, according to the Chart of Accounts, two accounts can be used:

• account intended for financial investments 58;
• Account 55 reflecting funds in special accounts in banking institutions.

Subaccounts are opened for these accounts: 58-5 “Bank deposits (deposits)” and 55-3 “Deposit accounts”. The method of accounting for the movement of money on a deposit chosen by the enterprise must be fixed in the accounting policy.

When opening a bank deposit and returning money from it, you must use the following transactions:

Attention! Regardless of the chosen option for accounting for deposits (on account 55 as cash or on account 58 as part of financial assets), they must be reflected in the reporting as financial investments (clause 41 of PBU 19/02).

Interest on deposit: accounting entries

To account for interest accrued on the deposit, subaccount 91-1 “Other income” is used. They are reflected differently depending on the accrual method specified in the agreement with the bank: simple or complex (with capitalization).

When calculating simple interest, account 91-1 corresponds with account 76 “Settlements with other debtors and creditors.” When calculating interest on a deposit, the following entries must be made:

• Dt 76 Kt 91-1 – interest is accrued on the deposit;
• Dt 51 Kt 76 – accrued interest is credited to the company’s account.

With compound interest, the deposit amount increases. In accounting, they belong to other income and are shown in account 91-1 in correspondence with the selected account for the deposit itself: 55 or 58. When capitalizing (attaching to the deposit amount) accrued interest, the income on them is recorded as follows: Dt 58 (55-3) Kt 91-1.

Examples

Pobeda LLC transferred money in the amount of 2.5 million rubles to a deposit account on April 1, 2018. According to the agreement, the deposit period is 1 year, i.e. The bank must return the investment on March 31, 2019.

Situation 1. Simple interest is accrued monthly at a rate of 9% per annum, starting from the day following the date of transfer of money to the bank for deposit, until and including the day the investment is returned to the investor.

The accountant, taking into account the opening, closing of the deposit and interest on the deposit, should make the following entries:

Situation 2. Compound interest is calculated at a rate of 9% per annum with monthly capitalization on the last day of each month. Interest is paid to the investor simultaneously with the return of the invested amount at the end of the entire period - after a year. The accountant of Pobeda LLC will make the following entries on the deposit: