Temple of the Kazan Icon Pavlovsky Posad. Sights of Pavlovsky Posad. Temple of the Kazan Icon of the Mother of God. From the spiritual will of Pyotr Dmitrievich Dolgov

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The Church of the Kazan Icon of the Mother of God in the city of Pavlovsky Posad was built in 1906. People called this church “Manaevskaya” after the name of the city elder Fyodor Porfiryevich Manaev, at whose expense it was built.

A hundred years ago, Pavlovsky Posad was an industrial and commercial city in which weaving production developed. The factories sewed the famous Pavlovo Posad scarves and shawls and produced brocade and other fabrics. The city was famous for its Pavlovsk fairs, which were held nine times a year on Torgovaya Square on church holidays, and the most important was the Dmitrov Fair, which took place on Dmitrov Day and the entire following week. At this time, people from all over the area came to the city, and the bells of the Resurrection Cathedral rang for the patronal feast day. By the beginning of the twentieth century, this temple was the parish church for the inhabitants of the entire city and many surrounding villages. Meanwhile, the city's population increased because workers from other provinces constantly arrived at the factories. On Sundays and holidays, the only parish church in the city could not accommodate all the parishioners.

Fate determined that Fyodor Porfiryevich Manaev would become the builder of the second parish church in Pavlovsky Posad. He was a city mayor, a merchant and the director of an orphanage, which he maintained at his own expense. Manaev thought about building his own house church for the shelter. But where can you get that kind of money? The merchant Pyotr Dmitrievich Dolgov donated five thousand rubles; this was enough for the construction of the orphanage church. With his funds, with the assistance of other benefactors, a stone two-story church with three altars was built in Pavlovsky Posad on Pavlovskaya Street: in the name of the Kazan Icon of the Mother of God, All Saints and St. Peter, Archbishop of Alexandria. On May 25, 1906, on the birthday of the Empress Alexandra Feodorovna, the ceremony of laying and consecrating the throne took place.

After the revolution of 1917, services continued, and in 1927 the church community of the temple numbered more than forty people. In the 1930s, by decision of the Moscow Regional Executive Committee, the Church of the Kazan Icon of the Mother of God was closed, and the building was used as a canteen. During the years of Soviet power, the House of Pioneers was located in the temple. Subsequently, the temple premises were rented by various organizations.

Currently, the temple, unfortunately, has lost its original appearance. The building has been extensively rebuilt; a modern overpass with a staircase and a high brick chimney have been installed on the southern façade, completely erasing the historical appearance of the temple. But church life is being revived.

Built in 1906. People called this church “Manaevskaya” after the name of the city elder Fyodor Porfiryevich Manaev, at whose expense it was built.

After the October Revolution of 1917, services continued, and in 1927 the church community of the temple numbered more than forty people. In the 1930s, by decision of the Moscow Regional Executive Committee, the Church of the Kazan Icon of the Mother of God was closed, and the building was used as a canteen. During the years of Soviet power, the House of Pioneers was located in the temple. Subsequently, the temple premises were rented by various organizations.

On August 4, 2003, by decree of the Head of the Pavlovo Posad district of the Moscow region, the building was transferred to the Russian Orthodox Church.

On October 29, 2003, a thanksgiving prayer service took place. The temple opened. And on November 4, on the day of the celebration of the Kazan Icon of the Mother of God, a festive prayer service was held with the reading of an akathist to the Kazan Icon of the Mother of God. On May 8, 2004, the first Divine Liturgy was celebrated in the church after many years of oblivion.

Since the opening of the temple, every week a prayer service with an akathist is served in front of the Kazan Icon of the Mother of God.

Currently, restoration work is being carried out in the temple. In recent years, the lower floor of the church, where the baptismal church will be located, as well as utility rooms and Sunday School classrooms, has been cleared of debris and restored, and the crosses on the restored quadrangle of the church have shone again. Work is underway to improve the area around the temple.

The rector of the temple is the dean of the churches of the Pavlovo-Posad district, Archpriest Alexander Khomyak.

We asked a local historian, the author of the book “Old Pavlovsky Posad” and a number of other publications, Ekaterina Vasilyevna Zhukova, as well as a local art critic Irina Konstantinovna Yazykova to tell us about the history of the temple.

On Pavlovskaya Street behind the Alyonushka Public Service House in Pavlovsky Posad there is an inconspicuous building. This is the temple of the Kazan Mother of God.

The stone two-story, five-domed church was built at the beginning of the twentieth century and was dedicated to the Kazan Mother of God. And in the name of the builder, the church was popularly called “Manaevskaya”. The builder of the temple - merchant Fyodor Porfiryevich Manaev - was a city elder and, of course, a famous person in the city.

In 1902, Pavlovsk parishioners sent a petition to the Diocesan Department, which stated that the church was supposed to be built at their parishioners’ expense; if funds were insufficient, they asked permission to collect benefits from Christ-loving donors for the construction and construction of the parish church. The petition ended with the words: “We all believe in all this that will be legally committed by Manaev, we will not argue or contradict, having given this authority, we affirm the application of our hands.”

This artless style in which the document is compiled is a wonderful illustration of those real relationships between people in a time not so distant from us. The church was built with the money of poor people, which is called “from the world”. And give the collected money and care into the hands of a respected person, who, by the way, is also not the richest in the village. Therefore, the Manaevskaya Church has always been considered a church for the poor. Apparently, its interior was not striking with either splendor or splendor, and people went there to pray and grieve to the Lord about their difficult life and received consolation.

The church was called Manaevskaya, and I must say, this is the only example in the city and district when the name of the temple builder turned out to be so firmly connected with the temple that even after a hundred years everyone firmly remembers that the church on Pavlovskaya is Manaevskaya. Of course, we cannot forget the names of the builders of the village churches: the founders of the Pokrovsko-Vasilievsky monastery, the merchants Labzins and Gryaznovs, the “Bolyaryn” Ekaterina Ermakova, who donated money for the Catherine Church of the village of Rakhmanovo, the landowner Nikolai Gavrilovich Ryumin, who built the Nativity Church in Zaozerye, the peasants of the Kudin brothers, with the help of and with the funds of which the Ascension Church was erected in Gorodok. But the case with F.P. Manaev is something special, they remember him, there was also the Manaev tea house, the Manaev cinema and the Manaev pond. The cinematograph located next to the temple showed films (“foggy pictures”) on biblical themes.

The Kazan Manaevskaya Church did not exist for long: it was closed already in the early thirties. A canteen for workers was set up in the former Manaevskaya Church. From here they delivered lunches to collective farms as a bonus for donated grain. Later, the church was turned into an industrial building; for some time the House of Pioneers was located here. It was difficult to recognize the church in the rebuilt building. Over the years, different owners have remodeled the building in their own way.

In 1996, on the instructions of the Committee on Culture of the Moscow Region, a survey of the historical and cultural monuments of Pavlovsky Posad was carried out. In the conclusion about the building of the former Church of the Kazan Mother of God, it was said in passing: “Currently, the building is used by the scientific and technical center “Cascade” and other local city organizations that rent the premises of the former church from the Pavlovo Posad administration. Accordingly, the nature of the use of the former temple is extremely far from its original purpose. In addition, field studies showed that the temple was heavily rebuilt, the historical interiors and finishes were lost, a modern overpass with a staircase and a high brick chimney was built on the southern facade, completely erasing the historical appearance of the temple, the external mention of which was preserved only by semicircular apses. In the late nineties, the church building was transferred to the Office for Combating Organized Crime. It seemed that the city had forgotten that there was a temple here. But that was not the case. For several years, believers continued to appeal for the church building to be transferred to them. And the matter seemed completely hopeless - only the last tenant in the building became more firmly entrenched, metal doors with codes, a high fence, and solid gates appeared.

And yet it happened: by decision of the Pavlovo Posad City Administration of August 4, 2003, the Church of the Kazan Mother of God was transferred to the believers. On November 4 of the same year, the first thanksgiving prayer service was served on the occasion of the transfer of the temple to the Russian Orthodox Church. On Sundays, akathists were performed to the Kazan Icon of the Mother of God, and on weekdays, the building was cleared of debris. And on May 8, 2004, the first Divine Liturgy was celebrated here.

Currently, all the required services are taking place in the church, the restoration of the church has begun, but how much time and effort it will take... The entire upper part of the building has been demolished, the church dome does not rise above the worshipers, the bell tower has been destroyed. Currently, the roof of the temple is leaking, causing the walls of the temple to collapse. In some places, due to dampness, the walls were covered with fungus. Due to its deterioration, it is necessary to completely replace the roof.

In 1902, residents of the year turned to the Moscow governor: “Help, Your Excellency, in building a church, there is an extreme need for another church, which was observed on Easter Sunday and Holy Easter, the crowding is terrible, many do not fit into the church and stood outside.”

Merchant Fyodor Porfiryevich Manaev was a city mayor and, of course, a well-known person in the city. F.P. Manaev was an honorary foreman of the Department of Institutions of the Empress Maria and the director of the Pavlovsk orphanage, which she maintained at her own expense. The orphanage children, numbering a hundred people, could barely get to the church service in the overcrowded church; Manaev thought about building his own house church for the orphanage. But where can you get that kind of money? His income from the candle trade was barely enough to maintain the shelter, and all his funds, house, land F.P. Manaev gave to support poor children and orphans. This is difficult for modern consciousness to perceive, but it is true. Manaev was not a rich man at all; his own son was kept at an orphanage and, through the efforts of the Moscow Council of Orphanages, was assigned to free education at a Moscow school precisely because of the family’s insufficient wealth.

Meanwhile, an event occurred that amazed even the consciousness of his contemporaries; they wrote about it in the newspapers. Before his death, the director of the Lyalina factory in the city of Dmitrov, Pyotr Dmitrievich Dolgov, bequeathed huge sums to charity. He came from peasants in the village of Ignatievo. In his youth he left the village and worked for many years in Moscow, first as a clerk, then as a trustee of various reputable companies, and for the last thirty years he has been the director of a large factory. P.D. Dolgov made a large fortune, but lived modestly, denying himself the essentials, and after his death he left a capital of 300,000 rubles in the bank of Pavlovsky Posad. Dolgov assigned a lifelong annuity to his wife, some amounts to relatives, and the rest of the money he gave to churches and monasteries for the funeral of his soul, and also bequeathed significant sums for the establishment of charitable institutions in Pavlovsky Posad and Dmitrov. In order for us to understand what three hundred thousand rubles were in Russia at the beginning of the twentieth century, let us explain that five thousand rubles is the approximate cost of a two-story stone house in Pavlovsky Posad, such as the house of the merchant Shirokov.

It was precisely this amount - five thousand rubles - in the will of Pyotr Dmitrievich Dolgov that was intended for the construction of a shelter church. With his funds, with the assistance of other benefactors, a stone two-story church with three altars was built in Pavlovsky Posad on Pavlovskaya Street: in the name of the Kazan Icon of the Mother of God, All Saints and St. Peter, Archbishop of Alexandria. On May 25, 1906, on the birthday of the Empress Alexandra Feodorovna, the ceremony of laying and consecrating the throne took place.

On August 4, 2003, by decree of the Head of the Pavlovo Posad district of the Moscow region, the building was transferred to the Russian Orthodox Church.

Temple of the Kazan Mother of God in Pavlovsky Posad

The Kazanskaya Church, or, as it is also called, Manaevskaya, is located in the center of Pavlovsky Posad on Pavlovskaya Street near the city square. Before the revolution, the square was called Voskresenskaya, Bazarnaya, Torgovaya, in Soviet times - Revolution Square and, it seems, no one changed the last name. But everyone understands that we are talking about our main square, from which Pavlovskaya Street begins, at the beginning of which at number 28 is the Kazan Church. In the very last days, in October 2006, domes were installed over the temple.

In previous years, the church was badly damaged; the entire upper part of the building was demolished and the bell tower was destroyed. In 1996, on the instructions of the Committee for Culture of the Moscow Region, a survey of the historical and cultural monuments of Pavlovsky Posad was carried out. In the conclusion about the building of the Church of the Kazan Mother of God, it was said, among other things: “Currently, the building is used by the scientific and technical center “Cascade” and other local city organizations that rent the premises of the former church from the Pavlovo Posad administration. Accordingly, the nature of the use of the former temple is extremely far from its original purpose. In addition, field studies showed that the temple was heavily rebuilt, the historical interiors and finishings were lost, a modern overpass with a staircase and a high brick chimney was built on the southern facade, completely erasing the historical appearance of the temple, the external mention of which was preserved only by the semicircle of the apse.”

Indeed, a lot of effort was put into the church building; over the course of many years, different owners remodeled the building in their own way. There was a canteen for workers, a production facility, the House of Pioneers, the Office for Combating Organized Crime, and something else. It was difficult to recognize the church in the rebuilt building.

But let us turn to the history of the long-suffering temple, built at the very beginning of the twentieth century.

For Pavlovsky Posad it was a time of flourishing industry and trade. In the center of the city, near the Vokhonka River, stood the Cathedral of the Resurrection of Christ, built on the hill where Moscow prince Dmitry Donskoy once built a wooden church dedicated to St. Dmitry of Thessaloniki. The Pavlovsk fairs were famous, taking place nine times a year on Resurrection Square on church holidays, and the most important was the Dmitrov fair, which took place on Dmitrov Day and the entire following week. At this time, people from all over the area came to Pavlovo, and the bells of the Resurrection Cathedral rang for the patronal feast day. By the beginning of the twentieth century, St. Paul's Church was a parish church for residents of the entire city and many surrounding villages. Meanwhile, the city's population increased because workers from other provinces constantly arrived at Pavlovsk factories. On Sundays and holidays, the only parish church in the city could not accommodate all the parishioners. The huge temple accommodated about four and a half thousand people, and hundreds of those who came to the service remained standing on the street, even in winter, with their heads uncovered throughout the entire service.

In 1902, city residents turned to the Moscow governor: “HELP, YOUR EXCELLENCY, in building a church, there is an extreme need for another church, which was observed on Easter Sunday and Holy Easter, the crowding is terrible, many do not fit into the church and stood outside.” Pavlovsk parishioners also sent a petition to the Diocesan Department, in which it was stated that the church is supposed to be built at their expense, the parishioners, in case of insufficient funds, they ask for permission to collect benefits from Christ-loving donors for the construction and construction of the parish church, fund raising and all matters are entrusted lead F.P. Manaev, which is confirmed by “their assault.”

The merchant Fyodor Porfiryevich Manaev was a city mayor and, of course, a well-known person in the city. F.P. Manaev was an honorary foreman of the Department of Institutions of the Empress Maria and the director of the Pavlovsk orphanage, which she maintained at her own expense. The orphanage children, numbering a hundred people, could barely get to the church service in the overcrowded church; Manaev thought about building his own house church for the orphanage. But where can you get that kind of money? His income from the candle trade was barely enough to maintain the shelter, and all his funds, house, land F.P. Manaev gave to support poor children and orphans. This is difficult for modern consciousness to perceive, but it is true. Manaev was not a rich man at all; his own son was kept at an orphanage and, through the efforts of the Moscow Council of Orphanages, was assigned to free education at a Moscow school precisely because of the family’s insufficient wealth.

It was precisely this amount - five thousand rubles - in the will of Pyotr Dmitrievich Dolgov that was intended for the construction of a shelter church.

From the spiritual will of Pyotr Dmitrievich Dolgov

In the name of the Father and the Son and the Holy Spirit, Amen. I, the undersigned peasant of the Moscow province of the Bogorodsky district of the village of Ignatiev Pyotr Dmitrievich Dolgov, being of sound mind and good memory, decided for the good of making a spiritual testament as follows:

When it is appointed by Almighty God to cut short the days of my life, I determine and bequeath the capital belonging to me as follows:

(...) For the eternal remembrance of servant Peter to the churches of the Bogorodsk district: in the village of Kazanskoye one thousand rubles, the Trinity-Chizhi churchyard one thousand rubles, the churchyard of Nikita the Martyr one thousand rubles, the churchyard of the Nativity of the Virgin Mary one thousand rubles, the churchyard of the Nativity of Christ one thousand rubles and the churchyard of St. John the Theologian one thousand rubles.

(...) For the construction of a house church in the name of Peter of Alexandria of the Moscow province in Pavlovsky Posad at the Pavlovsky orphanage of the Department of the Institutions of the Empress Mary, five thousand rubles with the order that during each liturgy the servant Peter should be commemorated.

Funded by P.D. Dolgov, with the assistance of other philanthropists, a stone two-story, five-domed church with three altars was built in Pavlovsky Posad on Pavlovskaya Street: in the name of the Kazan Mother of God, All Saints, St. Peter, and the Bishop of Alexandria. On May 25, 1906, on the birthday of the Empress Alexandra Feodorovna, the ceremony of laying and consecrating the throne took place.

The new church was popularly called “Manaevskaya” - after the name of the builder Fyodor Porfiryevich Manaev.

After the revolution, the Kazan Church did not exist for long: already in the early thirties it was closed.

Currently, after many years of neglect, the dilapidated temple is being restored. Significant construction work is underway, historical and archival research is being conducted to restore the appearance of the shrine.

The names of many posad temple builders are known in the city: the founders of the Intercession-Vasilievsky Monastery, the merchants Labzins and Gryaznovs, the “Bolyaryna” Ekaterina Ermakova, who donated money for the Catherine Church of the village of Rakhmanovo, the landowner Nikolai Gavrilovich Ryumin, who built the Nativity Church in Zaozerye, the peasant brothers Kudins, whose forces and means The Ascension Church was erected on Gorodok.

But the case with F.P. Manaev is somehow special, his name is firmly attached to the church; there was also a Manaevsky teahouse, a Manaevsky cinema and a Manaevsky pond.

Relatives of Fyodor Porfiryevich Manaev presumably live in the city of Orekhovo-Zuevo, where he also founded and maintained an orphanage at the beginning of the twentieth century. Perhaps one of them will be able to give us some information about this remarkable personality.

E.V. Zhukova Pavlovsky Posad